prendre French · revision 16226

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=842, Serments de Strasbourg|origins=ine-pro *gʰed-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /pʁɑ̃.dʁə/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''prendre'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|prendre]], [[inh|la|prehendō|alt=prēndere|t=to seize, grasp]], the contracted form of “prehendere”, itself the usual form of “praehendere”.^(DHLF 1992)^(FEW|9, 339b)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary) The verb is a compound of [[m|la|prae|t=before]] and a simple verb “*hendere” “to seize”, not found alone, whose root also appears in [[m|la|praeda]] (whence [[proie]]) and [[m|la|hedera]] (whence [[lierre]]).^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary) Rey posits a double root “*ghed-”, “*ghend-”, compared with [[non|geta|t=to get]], [[got|𐌱𐌹𐌲𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽|tr=bigitan|t=to find]] and [[en|forget]], and with [[grc|χανδάνω|tr=khandánō|t=to hold]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873) Wiktionary gives [[ine-pro|*gʰed-]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ “Prendere” was much more forceful than [[m|la|capiō|t=to take]] and absorbed most of its senses.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992) “Capere” survives only in restricted uses such as [[es|caber]] “to fit”.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992) Cognate with [[ro|prinde]], [[it|prendere]], [[ca|prendre]] and [[es|prender]] “to seize, arrest”.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Strasbourg Oaths (842) have it figuratively in ''prendre plait'' “to make an agreement (with someone)”.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989) “To take in the hand” is found at the end of the 10th century, in the ''Passion de Clermont''.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ About 1050 ''prendre'' meant “to take someone along”, and about 1100 “to seize quickly”.^(TLFi) Its range grew to cover eating and drinking (early 14th century; of medicine, 1538), taking a road (about 1210), taking up arms (about 1175) and, intransitively, of fire, cement or a plant, “to catch, to set, to take root”.^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary) Many phrases followed: ''prendre en main'' (1160–74), ''prendre la balle au bond'' (1690), ''prendre ses jambes à son cou'' (1690) and ''prendre le taureau par les cornes'' (1898).^(TLFi)

+

+ Its derivatives include [[prise]] (12th century), [[entreprendre]] (12th century) and [[éprendre]] (about 1080), used of fire “catching” until the 17th century.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 842 – ''Prendre plait'' in the Strasbourg Oaths.^(TLFi)

+ * late 10th century – “To take in the hand”.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1080 – ''Éprendre'', of fire.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * c. 1175 – ''Prendre armes''.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * early 14th century – “To eat, to drink”.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1690 – ''Prendre la balle au bond'' in Furetière.^(TLFi)

+ * 1898 – ''Prendre le taureau par les cornes''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|take]], to seize, to grasp: ''prendre un livre''.^(Wiktionary)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # To take with one, to pick up: ''je passe te prendre''.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To eat, to drink, to have: ''prendre un café''.^(Wiktionary)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # To get, to buy; to take (a means of transport, a road): ''prendre le train''.^(Wiktionary)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # To catch, to capture: ''prendre un voleur''.^(TLFi)

+ # To take (time): ''ça prend une heure''.^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To catch, to set, to take: ''le feu a pris'', ''la mayonnaise prend''.^(Wiktionary)

+ # To come over (someone): ''qu'est-ce qui te prend ?''.^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Se prendre'': to get caught, ''s'en prendre à'': to blame, to attack.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[déprendre]]

+ * [[entreprendre]]

+ * [[éprendre]]

+ * [[méprendre]]

+ * [[prenable]]

+ * [[surprendre]]

+ * [[prise]]

+ * [[preneur]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[apprendre]]

+ * [[comprendre]]

+ * [[reprendre]]

+ * [[proie]]

+ * [[la|prehendō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}