son French · revision 16224

+ {{homograph|1|his, her, its}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=842, Serments de Strasbourg|origins=ine-pro *swé}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /sɔ̃/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /sɔ̃.n‿/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /sɔ.n‿/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''son''' ''m'' (feminine sa, plural ses)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French subject ''ses'', object ''son''; feminine ''sa''; plural subject ''si'', object ''ses''.^(Littré 1873)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The possessive “son”, “sa”, “ses” is [[inh|fro|son]], [[inh|la|suus|alt=suum|t=his, her, their own]], from the accusative forms “suum”, “suam”, “suōs”, “suās” of Classical Latin “suus”, used unstressed.^(DHLF 1992)^(FEW|12, 481a)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989) The stressed form is [[sien]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) Wiktionary traces “suus” to [[itc-pro|*sowos]], from [[ine-pro|*sewos]], from [[ine-pro|*swé|t=self]].^(Wiktionary) Littré compares [[grc|σφέος|tr=sphéos]] and [[de|sein]].^(Wiktionary)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ Cognate with [[oc|son]], [[ca|son]], [[es|suyo]] and [[it|suo]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Strasbourg Oaths (842) have ''son'' as an object form: ''si cum om per dreit son fradra salvar dift'' “as one should rightly help one's brother”.^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From the beginning ''son'' marked possession by one person, family and social relations, belonging to a group and various ties of dependence, including personal obligation (1080).^(DHLF 1992) In Old French ''sa'' was elided before a vowel (''s'amie''); the masculine form (''son amie'') appears in the 12th century but became the rule only from the 15th.^(DHLF 1992) From the 12th century it could refer to an indefinite subject (''qui veut voyager loin ménage sa monture''), and, from 1314 to things.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) It precedes titles such as ''Sa Majesté'' and ''Sa Sainteté''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 842 – ''Son'' in the Strasbourg Oaths.^(TLFi)

+ * 881 – Feminine ''sa'' in the ''Sequence of Saint Eulalia''.^(TLFi)

+ * 12th century – ''Son'' before a feminine noun beginning with a vowel.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1314 – Referring to a thing.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 15th century – ''Son amie'' replaces ''s'amie''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Determiner===

+ # [[m|en|his]], her, its; one's: third person singular possessive, masculine or before a vowel; feminine ''sa'', plural ''ses''.^(Wiktionary)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # Before titles: ''Sa Majesté'', ''Son Excellence''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ {{homograph|2|sound}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1120|origins=la sonus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Europe): /sɔ̃/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Canada): /sõ(ː)/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''son''' ''m'' (plural sons)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|suen]] (about 1120), ''son'' (about 1160).^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The noun “son” “sound” is [[inh|fro|suen]], [[inh|la|sonus|t=sound, noise]].^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(FEW|12, 102b)^(Wiktionary) The vowel is not the regular outcome, which would be “suon”, “suen”: the word was remade after the verb [[sonner]] or the Latin word.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|suono]] and Old Spanish “sueno”.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Old French form ''suen'' is found about 1120, ''son'' about 1160.^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its derivatives belong to physics and technology: ''sonie'' “loudness” (1964) and ''sonique'' “relating to sound”.^(TLFi) In slang ''un son'' is a piece of music.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|sound]]: what is heard, the auditory sensation caused by vibrations of the air or another medium.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(slang)'' A piece of music, a track.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ {{homograph|3|bran}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=disputed|formation=borrowing|attested=1197, saon}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /sɔ̃/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''son''' ''m'' (plural ''sons'').^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The noun “son” “bran” first appears as “saon”, “seon” (1197) in the sense “refuse, something rejected as of poor quality”.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007) Bloch and Wartburg take it from [[ang|sēon|t=refuse]], the past participle of a verb meaning “to strain, filter”, and the FEW files it in its volume of Germanic words.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|17, 633a) the Petit Robert calls this origin only possible.^(Petit Robert 2007) Littré and Wiktionary instead derive it from [[la|secundus|t=second]], bran being what is left after a second sifting, through Medieval Latin [[m|la-med|seonnum]]; [[ca|segó]] would be cognate.^(Littré 1873)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In 1197 ''saon'', ''seon'' meant “refuse”; the sense “residue of the milling of grain” is attested from 1243 by the Medieval Latin ''panis de seonno'' “bran bread”.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The modern spelling dates from 1398.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007) The derived verb ''saonner'', ''seonner'' was mostly a legal term, “to reject (witnesses)”.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) ''Son'' belongs to northern France; the south and west use ''bren'' (or ''bran''), of pre-Latin origin, and the east words of Germanic origin.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) It meant the sawdust used for stuffing from 1871, as in ''poupée de son''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|bran]]: the husks of grain separated from the flour by milling: ''pain au son''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # Sawdust used for stuffing: ''une poupée de son''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''Taches de son'': [[m|en|freckles]].^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sonner]]

+ * [[sonore]]

+ * [[sien]]

+ * [[la|suus]]

+ * [[la|sonus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}