avec French · revision 16215

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=mid-11th century|origins=la apud, la hic}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /a.vɛk/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''avec'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|avoc]] (mid-11th century), [[m|fro|ove]], [[m|fro|ovec]] (12th century), [[m|fro|avuec]], [[m|fro|avoec]] (early 13th century); ''avec'' became the settled form about 1284.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) ''Avecque'', ''avecques'' remained in use in poetry until the 17th–18th century.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|avoc]], [[inh|la-vul|*apud hoque]], from [[m|la|apud|t=at, near, with]] and [[m|la|hic|alt=hoc|t=this]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary) Littré supported this origin by the Old French parallels “peroec” “for that” (“per hoc”) and “senoec” “without that” (“sine hoc”).^(Littré 1873) “Apud”, which had taken the sense “with” in Gaul, also gave Old French [[m|fro|od]], [[m|fro|o]] “with”, used until the 16th century and then eliminated by “avec” because of its weak form.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) Classical Latin used [[m|la|cum]] instead, the source of [[it|con]] and [[es|con]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ Bloch and Wartburg derive the word from a popular adverb [[m|la-vul|*ab hoc|t=from there]], “immediately after, at the same time, together”, but Rey objects that the “b” should have disappeared and that “ab” does not fit the sense.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992) Cognate with [[pcd|avuc]], [[nrf|aveuc]] and [[wa|avou]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first forms, ''avoc'', ''avuec'', appear in the middle and at the end of the 11th century (''Vie de saint Alexis''), both as a preposition and as an adverb, already with most of their modern values.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Avec'' has expressed accompaniment, simultaneity and closeness, and also addition, manner and means, at all periods.^(DHLF 1992) The adverbial use, normal in Old and Middle French, has become familiar or regional: Belgian ''tu viens avec ?'' copies the syntax of the Germanic languages, and Quebec French uses ''avec'' for “too”.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * mid-11th century – ''Avoc''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * mid-12th century – ''Ove'', ''ovec''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1284 – The settled form ''avec''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * 16th century – Old French ''od'' “with” goes out of use.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Preposition===

+ # [[m|en|with]], in the company of: ''dîner avec un ami''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # With, having: ''une maison avec un balcon''.^(GLLF 1989)

+ # With, by means of: marks the instrument or manner: ''écrire avec un crayon'', ''avec soin''.^(Wiktionary)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # With, in agreement or relation with: ''être d'accord avec qqn'', ''être fâché avec ses frères''.^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ===Adverb===

+ # ''(familiar)'' With it, along: ''tu viens avec ?'', ''(Quebec)'' too, also.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[la|apud]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}