dans French · revision 16200

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1112, Voyage de saint Brendan|origins=la intus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /dɑ̃/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /dɑ̃.z‿/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dans'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|denz]] (about 1112; used until the 15th century).^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|denz]], [[inh|la-lat|deintus|t=inside, within]], a compound of [[m|la|dē]] and [[m|la|intus|t=from within; inside]].^(TLFi)^(FEW|3, 31a)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) “Intus” is a derivative of [[m|la|in]] (whence [[en]]), and on its own gave Old French [[m|fro|enz]], which disappeared about the 16th century.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ The word is rare outside Gallo-Romance; compare [[pro|dins]] and [[ca|dins]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ ''Denz'' is first found about 1112, in the ''Voyage de saint Brendan'', as an adverb of place, “inside”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was first an adverb meaning “inside”, a use it later gave up to its compound [[dedans]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) As a preposition it marked place from about 1170, time (“within”) from the 13th century and a physical or mental state from 1667 (''dans une humeur désobligeante'', Molière).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The word was rare before the middle of the 16th century; it then gradually replaced ''dedans'' and [[en]], whose contracted forms with the article (''ou'', ''ès'') had become awkward.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1112 – ''Denz'' as an adverb.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1170 – As a preposition of place.^(TLFi)

+ * 13th century – Of time, in ''Aucassin et Nicolette''.^(TLFi)

+ * mid-16th century – ''Dans'' begins to replace ''en'' and ''dedans''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1667 – Of a state of mind, in Molière.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Preposition===

+ # [[m|en|in]], [[m|en|inside]]: marks a place enclosing someone or something: ''dans une boîte'', ''monter dans le train''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # In, among: marks a group or field: ''entrer dans une famille'', ''être dans l'enseignement''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # In, in the works of: ''c'est dans Montaigne''.^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary)

+ # In, within: marks a time to come: ''dans trois jours''.^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)

+ # During, in: ''dans sa jeunesse''.^(Wiktionary)

+ # In: marks a state: ''dans la misère''.^(TLFi)

+ # ''(familiar)'' ''Dans les'': about, roughly: ''dans les cent euros''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[dedans]]

+ * [[en]]

+ * [[la|intus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}