aller French · revision 16199

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=8th century, Reichenau Glosses|origins=la ambulō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /a.le/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''aller'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Romance [[m|la-med|alāre]] (8th century, Reichenau Glosses), Old French [[m|fro|aler]] (11th century).^(Grand Robert 2005)^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) Old French also had a form ''aner''.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|aler]], [[inh|la-med|alāre]], of uncertain origin.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|24, 414a) The verb, one of the most irregular in French, merges three Latin verbs of motion.^(DHLF 1992) The future and conditional (''j'irai'') come from [[m|la|eō|t=to go]], and the forms “vais”, “vas”, “va”, “vont” from [[m|la|vādō|t=to go, walk rapidly]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ The infinitive and the forms “allons”, “allez” are less clear.^(DHLF 1992) Most scholars derive them from [[m|la|ambulō|t=to walk about, stroll]], which in familiar Latin (already in Cicero's letters) competed with “īre” and “vādere”, through an irregular reduction, perhaps in military commands (“*allate!” for “ambulate!” “march!”).^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) Corominas instead explains the reduction by a careless pronunciation “*amlare”, which would also account for the other Romance forms.^(GLLF 1989) Pierre Guiraud proposed a derivative of [[m|la|āla|t=wing]], “to fly, to hurry”, but this is not supported.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(DHLF 1992) Littré, following Diez, set the Old French form “aner” beside [[it|andare]], [[es|andar]] and [[oc|anar]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ In Gallo-Romance “aller” is the form of the northern dialects and of Franco-Provençal, while the south has [[pro|anar]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) [[es|andar]] and [[it|andare]] probably come from [[la-vul|*ambitō|alt=*ambitāre]], from [[m|la|ambiō|t=to go round]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Reichenau Glosses (8th century) have ''alare'' four times as the equivalent of Latin ''ambulare'', “to go”.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(GLLF 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Already in the 6th century, writers of Gaul such as Avitus and Gregory of Tours used ''ambulare'' in the general sense “to go”.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) The verb became an auxiliary of the near future (''je vais partir'') and is used of health and of how things are going (''ça va'').^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007) The infinitive was used as a noun about 1190, ''aler'', and ''aller'' “the outward journey” (opposed to ''retour'') dates from the 12th century, ''un aller simple'' is a one-way ticket.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ Derivatives include [[allée]] and [[allure]] (12th century), and ''va-et-vient'' (1765) and ''va-tout'' (17th century) are built on ''va''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 6th century – ''Ambulare'' means “to go” in Avitus and Gregory of Tours.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 8th century – ''Alare'' in the Reichenau Glosses.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 11th century – Old French ''aler''.^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * c. 1190 – ''Aler'' used as a noun.^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * 12th century – ''Allée'' and ''allure''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1765 – ''Va-et-vient''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|go]], to move towards a place: ''aller à Paris''.^(Wiktionary)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # To go to (school, church) regularly, to [[m|en|attend]].^(Wiktionary)

+ # With an infinitive: to be going to; forms the near future: ''il va pleuvoir''.^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # To be (in health, in a situation): ''comment allez-vous ?'', ''ça va''.^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|suit]], to fit: ''cette robe lui va bien''; to go with: ''aller avec''.^(Wiktionary)

+ # To lead, to reach: ''cette route va à Lyon''.^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''S'en aller'': to leave; to disappear.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # The outward journey, as opposed to the return; a one-way ticket: ''un aller simple'', ''un aller-retour''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(sports)'' The first match between two teams: ''match aller''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[allée]]

+ * [[allure]]

+ * [[préalable]]

+ * [[va-tout]]

+ * [[va-et-vient]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ambler]]

+ * [[la|ambulō]]

+ * [[la|vādō]]

+ * [[la|eō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}