tout French · revision 16191

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=881, Sequence of Saint Eulalia|origins=la tōtus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /tu/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /tu.t‿/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Quebec): /tʊt/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''tout''' ''m'' (feminine toute, masculine plural tous, feminine plural toutes)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French subject plural [[m|fro|tuit]], object [[m|fro|toz]] (late 9th century); singular [[m|fro|tot]], ''tut''.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|tot]], [[inh|la-vul|tōttus]], with an expressive doubled ⟨tt⟩, recorded in Late Latin, an alteration of Classical Latin [[m|la|tōtus|t=whole, entire]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|13/2, 122a)^(Wiktionary) In popular Latin “tōtus” took over the senses of [[m|la|omnis|t=all, every]], which survives only in [[it|ogni]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992) “Tōtus” itself has no clear etymology, Wackernagel took it for a dialect form related to words for the city or nation, such as [[osc|touto|t=community]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ [[es|todo]] and [[pt|todo]] continue “tōtus”, while [[it|tutto]] and [[pro|tot]] come from forms with “-tt-”.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record is the plural subject ''tuit'' in the ''Sequence of Saint Eulalia'' (881): ''Tuit oram que por nos degnet preier'' “let us all pray that she may deign to pray for us”.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Most uses of ''tout'' are found before the end of the 13th century, apart from its use before a word of time for regular repetition (''tous les jours'', 14th century) and many phrases of the 16th and 17th centuries.^(DHLF 1992) ''Tout'' as a pronoun for people (15th century) has been replaced by ''tout le monde''.^(DHLF 1992) ''Le tout'' means “all the things in question” (late 15th century) and “the main thing” (about 1550); Ronsard called the universe ''le grand Tout'' (1552).^(DHLF 1992) ''Le tout pour le tout'' (1690) comes from gambling.^(DHLF 1992) ''Tout à fait'' dates from 1200 and since the 1970s–80s has been fashionable as a strong “yes”.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 881 – ''Tuit'' in the ''Sequence of Saint Eulalia''.^(TLFi)

+ * 937–952 – Neuter ''tot'' “everything” in the Jonas fragment.^(TLFi)

+ * 1080 – Adjectival ''tuz'', ''tut'' in the ''Chanson de Roland''.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1200 – ''Tout à fait''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 14th century – ''Tous les…'' of regular repetition.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1552 – ''Le grand Tout'' in Ronsard.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1690 – ''Le tout pour le tout''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Determiner===

+ # [[m|en|all]], the whole of: ''tout le jour'', ''toute la ville''.^(Wiktionary)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''(plural)'' All, every: ''tous les hommes''; with words of time, every: ''tous les jours''.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # Any, every: ''toute personne''.^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ===Pronoun===

+ # Everything: ''tout est prêt'', ''tous'', ''toutes'': everyone, all of them.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Adverb===

+ # Quite, very, [[m|en|completely]]: ''tout seul'', ''tout près''.^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Tout… que'': however, no matter how: ''tout riche qu'il est''.^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Tout à fait'': entirely, ''(familiar)'' yes, absolutely.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|whole]], ''le tout'': the main thing; plural ''touts''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[atout]]

+ * [[partout]]

+ * [[surtout]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[total]]

+ * [[la|tōtus]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The plural pronoun ''tous'' is pronounced with its ''s'' (''ils sont tous'' [tus]), a pronunciation Littré still condemned.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}