synthesis English · revision 16135

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1611, Coryate|origins=grc συντίθημι}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˈsɪnθəsɪs/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|synthesis|t=collection, set; composition of a medicine]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(OED 2026) from [[grc|σύνθεσις|tr=súnthesis|t=composition, putting together]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(OED 2026)^(AHD 2024) from [[m|grc|συντίθημι|tr=suntíthēmi|t=to put together]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Klein 1966) from [[m|grc|σύν|tr=sún|t=together]] and [[m|grc|τίθημι|tr=títhēmi|t=to put, place]],^(AHD 2024)^(Etymonline) from [[ine-pro|*dʰeh₁-|t=to set, put]].^(Etymonline)^(AHD 2024) An isolated [[enm|sintecis]] occurs about 1450.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Reasoning from causes to effects, or from principles to consequences, the opposite of [[analysis]]: 1611, in Coryate's ''Crudities''.^(OED 2026)^(Barnhart 1988) SOED has an isolated late Middle English grammatical sense, apposition.^(SOED 2002)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The notion behind the senses is a combining of separate things into a whole.^(Etymonline) The word started in [[logic]], then spread to [[chemistry]], where the forming of a compound from its elements is from 1733–34,^(OED 2026)^(Barnhart 1988) and then, from Coleridge onwards, to the general sense of combining parts into a whole (about 1833).^(OED 2026)^(Barnhart 1988) In Kant's philosophy it was the mind's unifying of sense data (1817),^(OED 2026) and in the Hegelian triad it is the stage that reconciles [[thesis]] and [[antithesis]] (1896).^(OED 2026) Physics used it for building up white light or complex sounds from their components (1869).^(OED 2026)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1606 – a loose Roman robe worn at meals.^(OED 2026)

+ * 1611 – reasoning from causes to effects.^(OED 2026)^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1612 – a grammatical figure (obsolete).^(OED 2026)

+ * c. 1734 – chemical formation of a compound.^(OED 2026)

+ * 1817 – in Kant's philosophy.^(OED 2026)

+ * 1830 – ''[[synthesize]]''.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1896 – the third stage of a dialectic.^(OED 2026)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The combining of separate parts or elements into a [[coherent]] whole.^(AHD 2024)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(chemistry)'' The forming of a [[chemical compound]] from simpler substances.^(AHD 2024)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(philosophy)'' The reconciling of a [[thesis]] and its [[antithesis]] in a higher stage.^(AHD 2024)^(OED 2026)

+ # ''(logic)'' [[deduction|alt=Deduction]] from general principles to particular cases.^(Collins 2023)^(OED 2026)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[synthesist]]

+ * [[synthetase]]

+ * [[biosynthesis]]

+ * [[chemosynthesis]]

+ * [[electrosynthesis]]

+ * [[narcosynthesis]]

+ * [[nucleosynthesis]]

+ * [[parasynthesis]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[synthesize]]

+ * [[synthetic]]

+ * [[thesis]]

+ * [[analysis]]

+ * [[theme]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}