rapport French · revision 16122

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=back-formation|attested=1214, Collection de Lorraine|origins=la apportō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʁa.pɔʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''rapport''' ''m'' (plural rapports)^(Wiktionary)

+ Earlier ''raiport'' (1214), ''raport'' (about 1275), ''rappors'' (1276).^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a back-formation from [[rapporter]],^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary) itself [[af|fr|re-|apporter]], from [[la|apportō|t=to bring]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)^(Etymonline) ''Rapporter'' is recorded from 1180 and ''rapport'' from the early 13th century.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its first record, ''raiport'' in a document of Lorraine of 1214, means the act of telling someone what one has seen, read or heard: an account, a testimony.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In law it was used from about 1283, in Beaumanoir, for the return of what an heir has received in advance to the estate before it is divided.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873) At the end of the 14th century Eustache Deschamps uses it both for malicious tales and for the yield of the land, the sense behind ''maison de rapport'' and ''en plein rapport''.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989) The military sense of a daily report of a unit's activities is recorded in 1793.^(TLFi)

+

+ The abstract senses grew from the 16th century: “agreement, conformity” (1538), the link the mind makes between things compared (late 16th century, d'Aubigné, with ''avoir rapport à'' in 1678), and in mathematics the ratio of two quantities (1690).^(TLFi) ''Par rapport à'' “compared with; with regard to” dates from 1677.^(TLFi) From the late 18th century it was used of relations between people, ''mettre en rapport'' (1790), and in Balzac (1833) the plural ''rapports'' means sexual relations.^(TLFi)^(BHVF)

+

+ English took [[m|en|rapport]] in the 1660s for a relation or connection; the sense of harmonious accord is from the 19th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1214 – ''Raiport'' “account, testimony” appears in Lorraine.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1283 – Beaumanoir uses it for the return of property to an estate.^(TLFi)

+ * late 14th century – Eustache Deschamps uses it for malicious tales and for the yield of land.^(TLFi)

+ * 1538 – Robert Estienne records the sense “agreement, conformity”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1677 – ''Par rapport à'' appears in Bossuet.^(TLFi)

+ * 1690 – Furetière records the mathematical sense “ratio”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1793 – The military daily report is recorded.^(TLFi)

+ * 1833 – Balzac uses ''rapports'' for sexual relations.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An account of what one has seen or heard;^(Petit Robert 2007) ''(chiefly plural)'' a piece of [[m|en|gossip]] or a denunciation.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # A [[m|en|report]], a more or less official account: ''rapport de police'', ''rédiger un rapport''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # [[m|en|yield|alt=Yield]], income from a property: ''immeuble de rapport''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # ''(law)'' The return of a gift or advance to an estate before it is shared out among the heirs.^(Le Robert)^(Larousse)

+ # A link or [[m|en|relation]] between things: ''je ne vois pas le rapport''.^(Le Robert)^(Larousse)

+ # ''(mathematics)'' A [[m|en|ratio]].^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)

+ # ''(chiefly plural)'' Relations between people or groups: ''de bons rapports avec ses collègues''.^(Larousse)

+ # Sexual intercourse: ''un rapport sexuel''.^(Larousse)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Par rapport à'': compared with; with regard to.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[rapportage]]

+ * [[rapporteur]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[rapporter]]

+ * [[apporter]]

+ * [[apport]]

+ * [[la|apporto]]

+ * [[en|rapport]]

+ * [[en|report]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}