cigarette French · revision 16116

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1830, Bottin|origins=es cigarro}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /si.ɡa.ʁɛt/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cigarette''' ''f'' (plural cigarettes)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|fr|cigare|-ette]].^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary) ''Cigare'' (1770, earlier ''cigarro'' 1723) is [[bor|es|cigarro]], very probably from a Mayan word meaning “to smoke”, according to Bloch and Wartburg.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) The new word replaced the forms [[cigarito]] and [[cigarret]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It first appears in 1830, in the ''Almanach du commerce de Paris'', apparently for a cigar case; in 1831 Balzac uses it for a small cylinder of tobacco rolled in thin paper, in a Latin American setting.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The word stayed rare before 1840, and was still written ''cigaret'' in 1834.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007) It spread between 1840 and 1860 with the making of rolls of cut tobacco wrapped in thin paper, rolled by hand or made in factories, at first called ''toutes cousues'' in popular French.^(DHLF 1992) As this became the commonest way to smoke, the word grew more frequent than ''cigare'' and gathered many phrases (''cigarette blonde'', ''brune'', ''à filtre'') and slang synonyms such as ''cibiche'' (1881) and ''clope''.^(DHLF 1992) In pharmacy, cigarettes of plants other than tobacco were prescribed for asthma (1842).^(BHVF) In African French, ''de la cigarette'' is rolling tobacco.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ English took [[m|en|cigarette]] in 1835, in American English.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1723 – ''Cigarro'' is recorded in French;^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) ''cigare'' follows in 1770.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1830 – ''Cigarette'' appears, apparently for a cigar case.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1831 – Balzac uses it for a small roll of tobacco.^(TLFi)

+ * 1835 – English borrows the word.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1840–1860 – Paper-wrapped cigarettes spread and the word becomes common.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1881 – The slang ''cibiche'' is recorded.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1887 – ''Porte-cigarettes'' “cigarette case” is recorded.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|cigarette]], a small roll of cut [[m|en|tobacco]] wrapped in thin paper: ''rouler'', ''allumer une cigarette''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ # ''Cigarette russe'', or simply ''cigarette'': a thin rolled [[m|en|biscuit]].^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # In apposition: ''pantalon cigarette'', straight, narrow-legged [[m|en|trousers]].^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(familiar; trademark)'' A fast offshore powerboat.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[cigarettier]]

+ * [[porte-cigarettes]]

+ * [[fume-cigarette]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cigare]]

+ * [[cigarillo]]

+ * [[cibiche]]

+ * [[es|cigarro]]

+ * [[en|cigarette]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}