réfugié French · revision 16115

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1432|origins=la fugiō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʁe.fy.ʒje/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''réfugié''' ''m'' (plural réfugiés, feminine réfugiée)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the past participle of [[réfugier]], used as an adjective and a noun.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007) The verb is derived from [[refuge]], shaped after the Latin form [[m|la|refugium|t=refuge, asylum]];^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005) ''refuge'' was borrowed from that word about 1120, while Old French mostly used the popular form [[m|fro|refui]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) Latin ''refugium'' comes from [[m|la|refugiō|t=to flee back, seek shelter]], formed from [[m|la|re-|t=back]] and [[m|la|fugiō|t=to flee]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The participle is first found as an adjective in 1432, for a person forced to leave a place to escape persecution, danger or a sentence;^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) the TLFi and the Petit Robert date it to 1435, in the archives of Brittany.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was used as a noun with the same sense from 1573.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) In the plural, ''les réfugiés'' were especially the French Protestants who went into exile after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes (recorded by the Académie in 1740).^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) The modern sense, a person who has left their country for political, religious or racial reasons, appears in the ''Bulletin des lois'' in 1832.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ English took [[m|en|refugee]] from the French word in the 1680s, first for the Huguenots who fled France after the revocation of 1685; from 1914 it was used of civilians fleeing fighting in Flanders.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1120 – ''Refuge'' is borrowed from Latin.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1432 – ''Réfugié'' is first used as an adjective.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1573 – Used as a noun.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ * 1680s – English borrows it as ''refugee'', of the Huguenots.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1740 – The Académie records ''réfugiés'' for exiled Protestants.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1832 – The ''Bulletin des lois'' uses it in its modern legal sense.^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|refugee]], a person who has had to flee their country or region to escape [[m|en|persecution]], war or another danger: ''aide aux réfugiés'', ''réfugié politique''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ # ''(historical, plural)'' The French Protestants who went into exile after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes.^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Having taken refuge outside one's country or region: ''des révolutionnaires réfugiés''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[réfugier]]

+ * [[refuge]]

+ * [[fuir]]

+ * [[la|refugium]]

+ * [[en|refugee]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}