fatigue French · revision 16106

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=back-formation|attested=early 14th century, Aimé du Mont-Cassin|origins=la fatīgō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /fa.tiɡ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fatigue''' ''f'' (plural fatigues)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a back-formation from [[fatiguer]].^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary) The verb was borrowed in the early 14th century from [[la|fatīgō|t=to tire out]],^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992) which first meant “to drive an animal to collapse”;^(DHLF 1992) Rey derives it probably from the noun [[m|la|fatis|t=crack, cleft]] in the phrase [[m|la|ad fatim]], which became the adverb [[m|la|affatim|t=to bursting; abundantly]].^(DHLF 1992) Etymonline gives a pre-Latin compound whose second part is the root of [[m|la|agō|t=to drive]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its first record, in the early 14th century in Aimé's ''Ystoire de li Normant'', means the action of tiring and its result.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From 1555 (Étienne Pasquier) it also named what causes weariness, hard and toilsome work; the plural ''les fatigues'' (of a journey, of war) keeps this sense, as do ''homme de fatigue'' and ''cheval de fatigue'' for a man or horse fit for heavy work.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007) In classical French it could mean annoyance or tedium, as in Molière's ''la grande fatigue que d'avoir une femme'' (1666).^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007) In the 20th century it was applied to the weakening of materials under repeated stress and, in agriculture, to the falling fertility of a soil.^(GLLF 1989)^(Larousse)

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+ English took [[m|en|fatigue]] in the 1660s for what causes weariness; the feeling itself is recorded in English from 1719, and the labours of soldiers from 1776.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * early 14th century – ''Fatiguer'' is borrowed from Latin and ''fatigue'' first appears.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+ * 1555 – Pasquier uses it for toilsome work.^(TLFi)

+ * 1611 – Cotgrave records the sense “hard labour”.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1660s – English borrows the word.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1666 – Molière uses it for annoyance.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 20th century – Used for the fatigue of materials.^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|tiredness|alt=Tiredness]], the state that follows excessive effort and lessens one's strength: ''tomber de fatigue''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # ''(chiefly plural)'' What causes this state; hard work, [[m|en|exertion]]: ''les fatigues du voyage''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # ''(dated)'' Annoyance, [[m|en|weariness]].^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(materials)'' The weakening of a material under repeated [[m|en|stress]], which may make it break.^(Larousse)

+ # ''(agriculture)'' Loss of fertility of a soil.^(Larousse)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fatiguer]]

+ * [[fatigué]]

+ * [[infatigable]]

+ * [[la|fatigo]]

+ * [[en|fatigue]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}