parade French · revision 16105

+ French has two words spelled ''parade'': the display, from [[parer]] “to adorn”, and the parry, from ''parer'' “to ward off”.^(TLFi)^(Larousse)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

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+ {{homograph|1|display}}

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+ {{infobox|confidence=disputed|formation=derivation|attested=before 1455, Georges Chastellain|origins=la parō}}

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+ ==Forms==

+ '''parade''' ''f'' (plural parades)^(Petit Robert 2007)

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+ ==Etymology==

+ The display is derived from [[parer]] “to adorn” with the suffix [[-ade]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) Rey and the Grand Robert say the suffix follows the feminine participle ending of Provençal, Old Occitan having [[m|pro|parada]] in 1366.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) The TLFi adds an influence of Spanish [[m|es|parada|t=stopping a horse short]], from [[m|es|parar|t=to halt a horse]], itself from [[la|parō|t=to prepare, arrange]].^(TLFi) Littré and Bloch and Wartburg make the riding term the starting point: the word came into France under François I with its Spanish sense, and the other senses developed in French under the influence of ''parer'' “to adorn”.^(Littré 1873)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) Rey treats the riding term (1575) as a separate borrowing from Spanish.^(DHLF 1992)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Georges Chastellain, before 1455, uses it for the display one makes of something to show oneself off.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''De parade'' qualifies objects for show, as in ''lit de parade'' (1558, Du Bellay), and ''faire parade de'' “to show off” appears in Calvin (1541 or 1561).^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992) In the 16th century it became a military term: a display of forces before the enemy (1571), the evolutions of horsemen in a carousel (late 16th century, Brantôme), and the modern parade of troops, which a royal regulation of 25 July 1665 ordered the French Guards to hold.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873) In the theatre it named the comic sketch played at the door of a fairground booth to draw in the public (1680, Richelet), and then a kind of comic play (1731), a thriving genre in the 18th and early 19th centuries.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF) In zoology it names the courtship display of animals.^(Larousse)

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+ English took [[m|en|parade]] in the 1650s, for a show of bravado and an assembly of troops for inspection.^(Etymonline)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * before 1455 – Georges Chastellain uses it for ostentatious display.^(TLFi)

+ * 1558 – ''Lict de parade'' appears in Du Bellay.^(TLFi)

+ * 1571 – Belleforest uses it for a display of military forces.^(TLFi)

+ * 1576 – The derivative ''se parader'' “to strut” is recorded.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1650s – English borrows the word.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1665 – A royal regulation orders troops to ''faire la parade''.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+ * 1680 – Richelet records the sketch played outside a fairground booth.^(TLFi)

+ * 1731 – ''Le Tailleur, parade'' is the title of a comic play.^(TLFi)^(BHVF)

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+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|display]] made to show oneself off; [[m|en|ostentation]]: ''faire parade de ses lectures''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # ''De parade'': for show only: ''habit de parade'', ''lit de parade''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # A military [[m|en|parade]] or review.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # A short comic act at the door of a fairground booth to draw in the public; a showy procession.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # ''(zoology)'' The courtship display of an animal.^(Larousse)

+ # ''(riding)'' The stopping of a horse on the spot.^(Larousse)^(GLLF 1989)

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+ ==Word family==

+ * [[parader]]

+ * [[paradeur]]

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+ {{homograph|2|parry}}

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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1628, Thibault|origins=it parare}}

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+ ==Forms==

+ '''parade''' ''f'' (plural parades)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The parry is derived from [[parer]] “to ward off” with the suffix [[-ade]].^(TLFi)^(Larousse)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) This verb, a fencing term from 1559, is [[bor|it|parare|t=to ward off a blow]], from [[la|parō|t=to prepare]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first recorded in 1628, in Girard Thibault's ''Académie de l'espée'', as a fencing term: the action of turning aside an opponent's blade.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From fencing and combat sports it passed to any defence, and Saint-Simon uses it (1740–55) for a [[riposte]]; in modern French ''trouver la parade'' is to find a counter to an attack or a manoeuvre.^(TLFi)^(Larousse)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1559 – ''Parer un coup'' “to parry a blow” is recorded.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1628 – ''Parade'' appears in Thibault's treatise on fencing.^(TLFi)

+ * 1740–55 – Saint-Simon uses it for a riposte.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|parry]]: the warding off of a blow or shot in fencing and combat sports.^(Larousse)^(TLFi)

+ # A defence or counter to an attack: ''trouver la parade''.^(Larousse)^(TLFi)

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[parer]]

+ * [[la|paro]]

+ * [[es|parada]]

+ * [[en|parade]]

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}