restaurant French · revision 16104

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1521, Marguerite d'Angoulême|origins=la restaurō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʁɛs.tɔ.ʁɑ̃/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''restaurant''' ''m'' (plural restaurants)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the present participle of [[restaurer]] “to restore one's strength with food”, used as a noun;^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary) Old Occitan had [[m|pro|restaurant|t=fortifying drink]] from 1507.^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005) The verb was borrowed from [[la|restaurō|t=to restore]], Old French having first used the more French form [[m|fro|restorer]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In a letter of Marguerite d'Angoulême of 1521 a ''restaurant'' is food or a remedy that restores one's strength;^(TLFi) in her ''Heptaméron'' a character is given nothing to eat but ''restaurants'' and the best meats.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The modern sense came from the establishments that sold restoring broths, called ''restaurants'': Bloch and Wartburg and Littré, after Fournier, date the first to 1765, opened in Paris by one Boulanger, who served only broths, poultry and eggs, not the stews of the [[traiteur|alt=traiteurs]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989) His sign parodied the Gospel: ''Venite ad me, omnes qui stomacho laboratis, et ego vos restaurabo'' “Come to me, all you whose stomachs labour, and I will restore you”.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) The GLLF dates the sense “eating house” to 1771 and the TLFi to Boiste's dictionary of 1803; [[restaurateur]] in the sense of the keeper of a restaurant is recorded from 1771.^(GLLF 1989)^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) The old sense “restorative food” went out of use after the 18th century.^(Petit Robert 2007) It is the second element of compounds such as ''wagon-restaurant'' (1873) and ''hôtel-restaurant'', and is shortened familiarly to ''resto'' or ''restau''.^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ English took [[m|en|restaurant]] by 1806, first in a French context.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1507 – Old Occitan ''restaurant'' “fortifying drink”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1521 – ''Restaurant'' “restorative food” in Marguerite d'Angoulême.^(TLFi)

+ * 1765 – Boulanger opens the first restaurant in Paris.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(TLFi)

+ * 1771 – Used for an eating house;^(GLLF 1989) ''restaurateur'' for its keeper.^(GLLF 1989)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1803 – Boiste records the modern sense.^(TLFi)

+ * 1806 – English takes up the word.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1873 – ''Wagon-restaurant'' “dining car” is recorded.^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|restaurant]], an establishment where meals are served for payment: ''dîner au restaurant''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # The part of an establishment where meals are served: ''le restaurant de l'hôtel''.^(GLLF 1989)

+ # In apposition: having a restaurant: ''voiture restaurant''.^(Larousse)

+ # ''Restaurant universitaire'': a canteen for students.^(Larousse)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(obsolete)'' Restorative food or drink, a [[m|en|tonic]].^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[restaurer]]

+ * [[restaurateur]]

+ * [[restauration]]

+ * [[resto]]

+ * [[la|restauro]]

+ * [[en|restaurant]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}