émeute French · revision 16096

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1160–1174, Wace}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /e.møt/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''émeute''' ''f'' (plural émeutes)^(Wiktionary)

+ ''Esmote'', ''esmuete'' (12th century), ''esmuette'' (1326), ''émute'' until the 17th century, ''émeute'' (16th century).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It was formed on “esmeu”, the old past participle of [[émouvoir]], after [[meute]] in its old sense “uprising, expedition, movement”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005) “Émouvoir” is Vulgar Latin “*exmovēre”, from classical [[la|ēmoveō|alt=ēmovēre|t=to move out, set in motion]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Wace's ''Roman de Rou'' (1160–1174) has ''esmote'' for a movement, the outbreak of a war.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In 1326 (''rebellions et esmuettes'') it was specialised for popular uprisings, and in 1362 the archives of Reims speak of the ''esmuete'' of country people against the nobles.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873) In the classical period it competed with ''émotion'' in this sense, and it was also used for emotion itself (La Fontaine, ''faire émeute''), a sense lost to ''émoi''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) Only “popular uprising” has survived, with an idea of violence but without political content, unlike ''révolution'' or ''insurrection'' (Hugo: ''La populace ne peut faire que des émeutes'').^(DHLF 1992)^(Larousse) Bloch and Wartburg date the modern sense to the 18th century, the GLLF to Ronsard.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(GLLF 1989) ''Émeutier'' dates from 1834.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1160–1174 – ''Esmote'' in Wace.^(TLFi)

+ * 1326 – ''Esmuettes'' “uprisings”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1362 – ''Esmuete'' at Reims.^(Littré 1873)

+ * Mid-16th century – The modern sense, in Ronsard.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1834 – ''Émeutier''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|riot]], disturbance: ''la manifestation tourne à l'émeute''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(figurative)'' Uproar, chaos.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[émeutier]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[émouvoir]]

+ * [[émotion]]

+ * [[meute]]

+ * [[mouvoir]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}