mannequin French · revision 16091

+ The Robert dictionaries and Littré distinguish ''mannequin'' “figure, dummy, model”, from Middle Dutch ''mannekijn'' “little man”, and ''mannequin'' “small basket”, from Middle Dutch ''mandekijn'' through ''manne''.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873)

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+ {{homograph|1|figure, model}}

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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1450|origins=dum mannekijn}}

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+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /man.kɛ̃/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''mannequin''' ''m'' (plural mannequins)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|dum|mannekijn|t=little man; little doll]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|16, 514b) formed with the diminutive suffix “-kijn” (English “-kin”, German “-chen”) on “man” “man”, which has cognates in all the Germanic languages ([[en|man]], [[de|Mann]]) and belongs to the same Indo-European root as Sanskrit “mánu-” “man”.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) Compare Walloon “maniké” “little fellow”.^(Littré 1873)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A document of about 1450 in the archives of the Nord has it for a figurine;^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Jean Molinet (third quarter of the 15th century) also uses it for “little man”.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the 15th and 16th centuries it was a figure of wood or wax, or a sculpted figure of man or beast (''Ung petit manequin tirant une espine hors de son pied'').^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873) From 1614–1671 it was an articulated figure used by painters and sculptors as a model and to try draperies on, whence the figurative “spineless person who can be led at will” (1776, Chateaubriand, 1797).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) In 1806 it was a dressmaker's dummy, and in the 19th century the dressed figure in a shop window.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)

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+ By extension it named men on whom clothes were tried (1814) and then women (1862–1865, Goncourt), and in the 20th century the women, and, from about 1950 the men, who show haute couture collections, ''taille mannequin'' comes from either sense.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF) The word stays masculine even of a woman, though ''une mannequin'' is found.^(Larousse) English took ''mannequin'' in 1898, after the older ''manikin''.^(Etymonline)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1450 – A figurine.^(TLFi)

+ * Third quarter of the 15th century – “Little man”, in Molinet.^(TLFi)

+ * 1671 – An artist's lay figure.^(TLFi)

+ * 1776 – A spineless person.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1806 – A dressmaker's dummy.^(TLFi)

+ * 1814 – A male fashion model.^(TLFi)

+ * 1865 – A female model, in the Goncourts.^(TLFi)

+ * 1898 – English ''mannequin''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A (fashion) [[m|en|model]]: ''défilé de mannequins'', ''taille mannequin''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|dummy]], mannequin (dressmaker's, shop-window).^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A lay figure (for artists); a figure imitating a human being.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # ''(dated, figurative)'' A puppet, spineless person.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[mannequiner]]

+ * [[mannequinage]]

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+ {{homograph|2|small basket}}

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+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=borrowing|attested=1242, mandequin|origins=dum mandekijn}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /man.kɛ̃/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''mannequin''' ''m'' (plural mannequins)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It comes from Middle Dutch [[m|dum|mandekijn|t=small basket]], a diminutive of “mande” “basket” (see [[manne|t=large basket]]), or an unrecorded “*mannekijn”, diminutive of “manne”.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)^(FEW|16, 510b) Littré thought it probably a different word from “mannequin” “figure”, coming from “manne”.^(Littré 1873)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ ''Mandequin'' is recorded in 1242 and ''mannequin'' in 1467.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a gardener's small rectangular basket for carrying fruit and vegetables, covering delicate plants in winter or holding the roots of young trees to be transplanted, and formerly a sculpted ornament representing a basket of flowers or fruit (Littré, 1868).^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007) Larousse describes it as a large wicker basket with two handles.^(Larousse)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1242 – ''Mandequin''.^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * 1467 – ''Mannequin''.^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * 1868 – A sculpted basket ornament, in Littré.^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(horticulture)'' A small [[m|en|basket]] (for fruit, vegetables or plants).^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''(dated, architecture)'' A sculpted basket of flowers or fruit.^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[manne]]

+ * [[en|mannequin]]

+ * [[en|manikin]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}