cinéma French · revision 16090

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=clipping|attested=1893}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /si.ne.ma/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cinéma''' ''m'' (plural cinémas)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a clipping of [[cinématographe]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|2, 679b) the name the Lumière brothers gave their apparatus (1892 as a proper name; patent of 1893), formed from [[grc|κίνημα|tr=kínēma|t=movement]], from “kinein” “to move”, and [[-graphe]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Etymonline) The Greek word belongs to a root “*kei-” also behind Latin “citus” “quick”.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Rey and the Petit Robert date the short form to 1893, showing how fast the process became popular; the TLFi's first record (Trutat, 1899) has ''cinéma'' for the apparatus.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Apart from the historical sense, ''cinéma'' took over from ''cinématographe'' (still preferred by Cocteau and Bresson for its artistic sense) the senses “art of making films”, “film industry”, “cinema (building)” and “showing”.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) Familiar speech shortened it to ''ciné'' (1905, now dated) and ''cinoche'' (1935), and formed ''faire du cinéma'' “to put on an act” and ''se faire du cinéma''.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) ''Cinématographie'' dates from 1895 and ''cinématographique'' from 1896.^(DHLF 1992) English ''cinema'' (1899) is from French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1892 – ''Cinématographe'', a proper name.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1893 – ''Cinéma''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1895 – ''Cinématographie''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1899 – The apparatus, in Trutat, English ''cinema''.^(TLFi)^(Etymonline)

+ * 1905 – ''Ciné''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1935 – ''Cinoche''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|cinema]], film-making (the art): ''le cinéma muet'', ''faire du cinéma''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The cinema, films; the film industry: ''le cinéma français''.^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A cinema, movie theatre: ''aller au cinéma''.^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(familiar)'' Play-acting, fuss: ''arrête ton cinéma''.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[télécinéma]]

+ * [[ciné]]

+ * [[cinoche]]

+ * [[cinéaste]]

+ * [[cinéphile]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cinématographe]]

+ * [[cinétique]]

+ * [[en|cinema]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}