république French · revision 16080

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1410, Livre des fais de Boucicaut|origins=la rēs}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʁe.py.blik/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''république''' ''f'' (plural républiques)^(Wiktionary)

+ ''Republique''; the Académie wrote ''republique'' until 1740, then ''république''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|rēspūblica|t=the public thing; the state; the commonwealth]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|10, 315a) a fusion of [[la|rēs|t=thing]] (see [[rien]]) and “publica”, feminine of [[la|pūblicus|t=public]] (see [[public]]), as opposed to private affairs.^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873) Bloch and Wartburg note that the word had already become rare in Latin by the end of the 1st century BC.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) The DHLF dates a first use to about 1140.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ [[en|republic]] (about 1600) is from French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Livre des fais'' of Marshal Boucicaut (about 1410) uses it of the republican Italian towns: ''vivez en republique comme nous, et soyons tous unis comme freres''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Littré 1873)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the 16th century contact with Antiquity revived the sense “the state, whatever its government” (1520), as in Bodin's ''trois sortes de Républiques'' (1576), monarchy, aristocracy and democracy;^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992) Du Bellay (1549) also opposed ''les roys et les republiques''.^(TLFi) Before the Revolution the word had no legal definition; dictionaries described it as popular government.^(DHLF 1992) It was also used of an organised community (''Republique Chrestienne'', 1549) and of the ''république des lettres'' (Guez de Balzac, 1648).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ The proclamation of the French Republic (21 September 1792) fixed the modern sense, a state where sovereignty rests with the citizens; coins kept ''République française, Napoléon empereur'' until 1808.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) France has since had five republics (1792, 1848, 1870–1871, 1944–1946, 1958), and the word names many states (''république populaire'', 1869).^(DHLF 1992) ''Républicain'' dates from the late 16th century (d'Aubigné).^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1410 – Italian republics, in the ''Livre de Boucicaut''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1520 – “The state”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1549 – ''Les roys et les republiques'' in Du Bellay.^(TLFi)

+ * 1576 – Bodin's ''Six livres de la République''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * c. 1600 – English ''republic''.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1648 – ''République des lettres''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1792 – The French Republic.^(TLFi)

+ * 1869 – ''République populaire''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|republic]]: ''la République française'', ''république fédérale''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''La République'': the French state under this régime: ''président de la République''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Larousse)

+ # ''(dated)'' The state, the commonwealth, ''la République de Platon''.^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ # ''République des lettres'': the world of letters.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''(familiar)'' ''On est en république !'': it's a free country!^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[républicain]]

+ * [[républicanisme]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[public]]

+ * [[rien]]

+ * [[la|rēspūblica]]

+ * [[en|republic]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}