cédule French · revision 16072

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=late 12th century, Vie de saint Évroult|origins=la scheda}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /se.dyl/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cédule''' ''f'' (plural cédules)^(Wiktionary)

+ ''Cedule'', ''sedule'' (1285), ''schedule'' (Rabelais, Amyot).^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is borrowed from [[la-lat|schedula|t=small sheet of paper]] (also “scedula”),^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|11, 296a) a diminutive of [[la|scheda|t=leaf, page; strip of papyrus]], a word of unknown origin.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) The spelling “scida” (Cicero) once suggested a link with [[la|scindō|t=to split]], but Rey sees it as a secondary spelling after Greek “skhizein” and Latin “scindere”.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ The Latin word passed into most Romance and Germanic languages: [[pro|cedula]], [[es|cédula]], [[it|cedola]], [[de|Zettel]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873) [[en|schedule]] (1397, “sedule”) is from French.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Vie de saint Évroult'' (late 12th century) has ''cedule'' for a note giving notice of something;^(TLFi) the ''Livre des métiers'' (1285) has ''une sedule qui estoit le trancript de la dite letre''.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From 1314 a ''cédule'' was a private note acknowledging a debt or deposit (Rabelais's ''schedules'', La Fontaine's Aesop), whence the old ''plaider contre sa cédule'' “to deny the obvious”.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)^(Littré 1873) In the old university it was a slip naming the pupils who had misbehaved.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ Most of these uses have gone, except in law (''cédule de citation'') and in tax law, where until 1948 a ''cédule'' was the sheet for declaring one category of income, whence ''impôt cédulaire'' (1796).^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(TLFi) In Quebec, under the influence of English ''schedule'', ''cédule'' means a timetable, programme (''la cédule d'une équipe de hockey''), with the verb ''céduler''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 12th century – ''Cedule'' “note”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1285 – ''Sedule'' in the ''Livre des métiers''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1314 – An acknowledgment of debt.^(TLFi)

+ * 1397 – English ''sedule''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1796 – ''Cédulaire''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1948 – The ''impôt cédulaire'' abolished.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(dated)'' A note of debt, IOU.^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(law)'' A summons or order: ''cédule de citation''.^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(tax, history)'' A schedule, category of income; the form for declaring it.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # ''(Canada)'' A [[m|en|schedule]], timetable.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[cédulaire]]

+ * [[cédulaire]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[la-lat|schedula]]

+ * [[en|schedule]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}