passé French · revision 16067

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1524, Pierre Gringore}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /pa.se/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /pɑ.se/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''passé''' ''m'' (plural passés)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the past participle of [[passer]] used as a noun,^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|8, 14b) the participle having been an adjective since the late 11th century (“Chanson de Guillaume”).^(GLLF 1989) The verb is [[inh|la-vul|*passō|alt=*passāre|t=to step, pass]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Gringore's ''Blason des hérétiques'' (1524) has ''le passé'' for time gone by and the events that filled it;^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) ''par le passé'' “formerly” dates from 1537.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As an adjective ''passé'' qualified time gone by (''le temps passé'', 1440) and things that have lost their character, such as a faded colour (Robert Estienne, 1549: ''une étoffe passée'').^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992) The noun came to mean what someone has done before (Pascal, 1656), whence ''avoir un passé'' “to have a (dubious) past”, and in 1530–1580 a dead person.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Meigret's grammar (1550) has ''passé indéterminé'' and ''passé perfect'', later ''passé simple'' and ''passé composé''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ In embroidery ''broder au passé'' (1826) is to work in satin stitch.^(TLFi) The 20th century formed ''passéiste'' (1913) and ''passéisme'' (1926).^(DHLF 1992) In Quebec ''passé date'' means “out of date” (of food).^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 11th century – The adjective ''passé''.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1524 – ''Le passé'' in Gringore.^(TLFi)

+ * 1537 – ''Par le passé''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1549 – Faded (of colours).^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1550 – A grammatical term, in Meigret.^(TLFi)

+ * 1656 – One's past, in Pascal.^(TLFi)

+ * 1826 – ''Broder au passé''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1913 – ''Passéiste''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|past]]: ''oublier le passé'', ''par le passé'': in the past.^(Wiktionary)^(Larousse)

+ # A person's past, history: ''un passé chargé''.^(Larousse)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(grammar)'' The past tense: ''passé simple'', ''passé composé''.^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)

+ # ''(embroidery)'' Satin stitch.^(TLFi)

+

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Past, gone by: ''le temps passé'', ''la semaine passée'': last week.^(Wiktionary)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # Faded: ''une étoffe passée''.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # After (a time): ''il est midi passé''.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[passéiste]]

+ * [[passéisme]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[passer]]

+ * [[pas]]

+ * [[en|passé]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Passé'' is also a preposition, “after, beyond”: ''passé cette date'', ''passé la ferme'' (12th century with agreement; invariable from the 15th).^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}