solide French · revision 16063

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1314, Henri de Mondeville|origins=la solidus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /sɔ.lid/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''solide''' (plural solides)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is borrowed from [[la|solidus|t=dense, massive, firm; whole]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|12, 53b) which belongs to an Indo-European root expressing the idea of “whole, entire”, like [[grc|ὅλος|tr=hólos|t=whole]] and [[la|salvus]] (see [[sauf]]).^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) Littré noted that the inherited Old French form was “soude”, and that “solide” was remade on Latin in the 16th century.^(Littré 1873) The same Latin word gave [[sou]], of which “solide” is a doublet.^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Henri de Mondeville's ''Chirurgie'' (1314) has it in the sense “hard, firm”;^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) the word seems rare until the 16th century.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the 16th century it described what has firm consistency (''viande solide'', 1531), a three-dimensional body (1546) and, abstractly, what is real and lasting: Marot's ''solide memoire'' (1544), Montaigne's ''solide jugement'' and ''livre solide'' (1580).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873) In 1613 the noun ''solide'' was a geometric solid, and, from 1636 the adjective meant “able to resist, sturdy” (''une couleur solide'', 1842).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) Of persons it meant “reliable, steady” (Retz, 1669), and, from the 19th century “sturdy, strong” (Balzac, 1846, ''avoir les reins solides'').^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ The noun ''le solide'' meant material advantages, money, in 1661 (Racine), and ''c'est du solide'' “it's the real thing” (1725).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Familiar phrases include ''solide au poste'' (1808) and the intensive ''un solide appétit'' (1857).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) In climbing ''être solide'' is to be securely belayed (1889).^(BHVF)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1314 – ''Solide'' in Henri de Mondeville.^(TLFi)

+ * 1531 – Of food.^(TLFi)

+ * 1544 – ''Solide memoire'' in Marot.^(TLFi)

+ * 1572 – ''Solidification''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1580 – ''Solide jugement'' in Montaigne.^(TLFi)

+ * 1613 – A geometric solid.^(TLFi)

+ * 1661 – ''Le solide'' “money”, in Racine.^(TLFi)

+ * 1808 – ''Solide au poste''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|solid|alt=Solid]] (not liquid or gaseous): ''état solide'', ''aliments solides''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ # Sturdy, strong, robust: ''un meuble solide'', ''un homme solide''.^(Wiktionary)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # Sound, well-founded: ''des arguments solides'', ''de solides connaissances''.^(Wiktionary)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # Reliable, steady: ''un ami solide''.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''(familiar)'' Hearty, hefty: ''un solide appétit''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(physics, geometry)'' A solid.^(Larousse)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''C'est du solide'': it's solid, the real thing.^(Larousse)^(TLFi)

+

+ ===Adverb===

+ # Solidly: ''construire solide''.^(Larousse)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[solidement]]

+ * [[solidité]]

+ * [[solidifier]]

+ * [[consolider]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sou]]

+ * [[solde]]

+ * [[solidaire]]

+ * [[la|solidus]]

+ * [[en|solid]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}