culte French · revision 16054

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1570, Gentian Hervet|origins=la colō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /kylt/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''culte''' ''m'' (plural cultes)^(Wiktionary)

+ Also ''cult'' (1592, Du Vair).^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is borrowed from [[la|cultus|t=care, cultivation; worship]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|2, 1505b) the noun of [[la|colō|alt=colere|t=to inhabit; to till; to honour, worship]] (see [[cultiver]], [[culture]]), from a root “*kwel-”.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) The Latin word was used far more in the moral sense “education, civilisation” and for religious homage than in its proper sense, French took it with its religious meaning.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Bloch and Wartburg date it to 1532; the first text the TLFi cites is Gentian Hervet's translation of the ''City of God'' (1570), for homage paid to a deity or a saint.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In 1592 Du Vair used ''cult'' for all the practices by which people honour God, ''liberté des cultes'' is in the Académie of 1835, and became effective with the law separating Church and State (9 December 1905).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The same edition has ''culte'' for a religion, a confession, and in Switzerland it has named the Protestant service since 1897.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ The figurative sense “veneration, admiration” (before 1690, Boursault) is very much alive, as in ''culte de la personnalité'' and the recent use in apposition, ''film culte''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Larousse) ''Cultuel'' (1872) was translated from English.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) English ''cult'' was borrowed from French ''culte'' in the 17th century (1610s, “worship”).^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1532 – First record, according to Bloch and Wartburg.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1570 – In Gentian Hervet.^(TLFi)

+ * 1592 – ''Cult'' in Du Vair.^(TLFi)

+ * 1610s – English ''cult''.^(Etymonline)

+ * Before 1690 – “Veneration”, in Boursault.^(TLFi)

+ * 1835 – ''Liberté des cultes'' in the Académie.^(TLFi)

+ * 1872 – ''Cultuel''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1897 – A Protestant service (Switzerland).^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Worship, homage paid to a deity or saint: ''le culte des saints'', ''rendre un culte à''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # Religious practice, rites: ''lieu de culte'', ''ministre du culte''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # A religion, faith: ''le culte catholique, protestant'', ''liberté de culte''.^(Larousse)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A Protestant service.^(Larousse)^(TLFi)

+ # Veneration, devotion: ''avoir le culte de la justice'', ''culte de la personnalité''.^(Larousse)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Cult: ''un film culte''.^(Larousse)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[cultuel]]

+ * [[cultuel]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cultiver]]

+ * [[culture]]

+ * [[inculte]]

+ * [[la|cultus]]

+ * [[en|cult]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}