patrouille French · revision 16029

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=back-formation|attested=1538, Robert Estienne}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /pa.tʁuj/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''patrouille''' ''f'' (plural patrouilles)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the noun of [[patrouiller]] (early 15th century),^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|8, 40a) a variant of “patouiller” “to paddle, mess about in mud” whose ⟨r⟩ comes from dialect words of similar meaning such as “gadrouiller” and “vadrouiller”, “patouiller” is derived from [[patte|t=paw]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary) Compare [[es|patrulla]] and [[it|pattuglia]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Robert Estienne (1538) has it for “paddling, messing about” and, by metonymy, a swab made of old rags;^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Henri Estienne listed ''patouille'' or ''patrouille'' among the new military expressions.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Under the influence of ''patrouiller'' “to make the rounds” (1553), it took its modern sense in Amyot (1559), a round of watch by a detachment of soldiers or police, probably first as soldiers' slang, and in 1671 the detachment itself.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Etymonline) Later uses include air patrols (''patrouille de chasse'', 1917, ''la Patrouille de France''), scouting (1928) and a surveillance mission given to a few soldiers, aircraft or ships (1951).^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi) ''Être pris par la patrouille'' “to be caught out” alludes to the police.^(DHLF 1992) English ''patrol'' was borrowed in the 1660s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Early 15th century – ''Patrouiller''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1538 – ''Patrouille'' “paddling; swab”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1553 – ''Patrouiller'' “to make the rounds”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1559 – A patrol, in Amyot.^(TLFi)

+ * 1660s – English ''patrol''.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1671 – The detachment.^(TLFi)

+ * 1917 – In aviation.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ * 1928 – In scouting.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|patrol]] (round of watch; the detachment): ''une patrouille de police'', ''partir en patrouille''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # ''(military)'' A small unit on a mission, ''(aviation)'' a flight: ''patrouille de chasse''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # ''(scouting)'' A patrol.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[patrouiller]]

+ * [[patouiller]]

+ * [[patte]]

+ * [[en|patrol]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}