compagnie French · revision 16025

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 1050, Vie de saint Alexis|origins=la pānis}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /kɔ̃.pa.ɲi/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /kɔ̃.pa.ni/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''compagnie''' ''f'' (plural compagnies)^(Wiktionary)

+ [[fro|cumpainie]] (about 1050), ''cumpagnie'' (1080), ''compaignie'' (about 1175); also ''compaigne'' (until the 15th century) and ''compagnée'' (until the 17th).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is either derived with “-ie” from Old French [[m|fro|compain|t=companion]] (see [[compagnon]], [[copain]]), or a remaking of Old French “compaigne” (about 1050), from [[la-vul|*compānia]], from Late Latin “compāniō” “companion”, from “cum” “with” and [[la|pānis|t=bread]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary) Littré explained the two Old French forms from Low Latin “compánia” and “companíta”.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ Compare [[pro|companhia]], [[ca|companyia]], [[es|compañía]], [[pt|companha]] and [[it|compagnia]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Vie de saint Alexis'' (about 1050) has ''cumpainie'' for a gathering of people;^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) the ''Chanson de Roland'' has ''Vingt mille Francs ont en lur cumpaignie'' and uses it for a band of armed men.^(Littré 1873)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It names first of all the fact of being with someone: ''tenir compagnie'' (Chrétien de Troyes, about 1175), ''fausser compagnie'' (1540), ''dame de compagnie'', ''animal de compagnie''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) From the military band came the unit under a captain (1585) and, since 1945, the ''Compagnies républicaines de sécurité'' (CRS).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ From 1283 it was also an association of people bound by common aims or statutes: a group of debtors at Lille, trading companies (1562, ''la Compagnie des Indes''), the ''Compagnie de Jésus'' (before 1655) and theatre companies (late 16th century); ''et Cie'' names unlisted partners.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Amyot (1559) used it for a group of animals, as in hunting a ''compagnie'' of partridges or wild boar.^(TLFi)^(Larousse)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1050 – ''Cumpainie'' in the ''Vie de saint Alexis''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1100 – An armed troop, in the ''Chanson de Roland''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1175 – ''Tenir conpaignie'' in Chrétien de Troyes.^(TLFi)

+ * 1283 – An association of debtors.^(TLFi)

+ * 1540 – ''Faulcer compaignie''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1559 – A group of animals, in Amyot.^(TLFi)

+ * 1585 – A military company.^(TLFi)

+ * 1635 – A trading company, in Monet.^(TLFi)

+ * Before 1655 – ''Compagnie de Jésus''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1945 – The CRS.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|company|alt=Company]], companionship: ''rechercher la compagnie de qqn'', ''tenir compagnie à qqn'', ''en compagnie de'': with.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A gathering, party: ''une joyeuse compagnie''.^(Larousse)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # A company, firm: ''compagnie d'assurances'', ''compagnie aérienne'', ''et Cie''.^(Larousse)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A company (of actors): ''compagnie théâtrale''.^(Larousse)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(military)'' A company.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ # ''(hunting)'' A covey, herd: ''une compagnie de perdreaux''.^(Larousse)^(TLFi)

+ # Phrases: ''fausser compagnie'': to give someone the slip, ''de bonne compagnie'': well-bred, ''animal de compagnie'': pet, ''dame de compagnie'': lady's companion.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[accompagner]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[compagnon]]

+ * [[copain]]

+ * [[pain]]

+ * [[la|pānis]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}