dupe French · revision 16022

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=1426, Rouen}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /dyp/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Quebec): [dzʏp]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dupe''' ''f'' (plural dupes)^(Wiktionary)

+ ''Duppe'' (1426); always feminine, even of a man.^(TLFi)^(Larousse)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a humorous use of “dupe” “hoopoe” (Rabelais; from the 15th century “hoopoe plumage”), for the stupid look of the bird (compare “pigeon”).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005) That word is [[huppe]], from [[la|upupa|t=hoopoe]], with an expressive “d-”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) Guiraud saw instead the noun of a “*dé-hupper” “to take away the crest”, a sign of prestige, so that a “dupe” is someone “plucked”.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) Littré rejected a Swabian “düppel” “fool” and accepted Chevallet's hoopoe explanation, while doubting that “duppe” is simply an alteration of “huppe”, Berry has “dube” for the hoopoe.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A 1426 pardon letter from Rouen says a cheat had found ''son homme ou sa duppe, qui est leur maniere de parler et qu'ilz nomment jargon'', any simpleton they mean to fleece at gambling.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Littré 1873)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ First in the jargon of cheats and soldiers, the word passed into literary or formal use, except in common phrases such as ''marché de dupes'' and ''être dupe'', Pascal (1656) used it as an adjective.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) ''La journée des Dupes'' (10 November 1630) is the day Louis XIII renewed his trust in Richelieu, whom his enemies thought disgraced.^(Petit Robert 2007) The verb ''duper'' (before 1489, Villon's ''dupé'') is rare before 1632, and ''duperie'' (1690) and ''dupeur'' (1669) are literary.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1426 – ''Duppe'' in thieves' jargon.^(TLFi)

+ * Before 1489 – ''Dupé''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1630 – ''La journée des Dupes''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ * 1656 – ''Être dupe'' in Pascal.^(TLFi)

+ * 1669 – ''Dupeur''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1690 – ''Duperie''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|dupe]], gull: ''être la dupe d'un escroc'', ''prendre qqn pour dupe'', ''marché de dupes'': a fool's bargain.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Duped, taken in: ''être dupe de'', ''je ne suis pas dupe'': I'm not fooled.^(Larousse)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[duper]]

+ * [[dupeur]]

+ * [[duper]]

+ * [[duperie]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[huppe]]

+ * [[la|upupa]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}