filigrane French · revision 16021

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1664|origins=it filigrana}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /fi.li.ɡʁan/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''filigrane''' ''m'' (plural filigranes)^(Wiktionary)

+ ''Filigramme'' (1664, still in the 19th century), ''filigrane'' (1665).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|it|filigrana]] (17th century, Magalotti),^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005) a compound of “fili”, plural of “filo” “thread” (from [[la|fīlum]], see [[fil]]), and “grana” “grains” (from [[la|grānum]], see [[grain]]), since the threads of filigree work were first set with tiny grains.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873) The common alteration “filigramme”, the first form recorded, cannot come from “gramme”, which dates only from the late 18th century.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A tariff of 18 September 1664 has ''filigramme'' as a goldsmith's term, and the king's building accounts (1665) have ''filigrane''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It names openwork made of fine gold or silver threads, interlaced and soldered (also Venetian glass threads and the wire round a sword grip).^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007) Because of the network of wires in the paper mould, it came to mean a watermark visible against the light (''filigramme'', 1818, ''filigrane'', Académie, 1835).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The figurative ''en filigrane'' “implicitly, between the lines” dates from the 20th century.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) ''Filigraner'' dates from 1845.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) English ''filigree'' is a shortening (1690s) of ''filigreen'' (1660s), from French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1664 – ''Filigramme''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1665 – ''Filigrane''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1660s – English ''filigreen''.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1818 – A watermark (''filigramme'').^(TLFi)

+ * 1835 – ''Filigrane'' “watermark” in the Académie.^(TLFi)

+ * 1845 – ''Filigraner''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 20th century – ''En filigrane''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|watermark]]: ''le filigrane d'un billet de banque''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|filigree|alt=Filigree]] (work): ''un bijou en filigrane''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''En filigrane'': implicitly, between the lines.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[filigraner]]

+ * [[filigraner]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fil]]

+ * [[grain]]

+ * [[en|filigree]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}