étiquette French · revision 16020

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1387, estiquette}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /e.ti.kɛt/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''étiquette''' ''f'' (plural étiquettes)^(Wiktionary)

+ ''Estiquette'' (1387), ''étiquette'' (1660, Oudin); also ''étiquet''.^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is derived with “-ette” from the Old French verb “estechier”, “estichier” (early 13th century), Picard “estequier”, “estiquier” (about 1180) “to thrust in, pierce; to attach”,^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005) from [[frk|*stikkjan]], a variant of “*stikkan” “to pierce” (compare [[nl|stikken]]), related to Latin “stilus” and Greek “stizein” “to prick” (see [[style]], [[stigmate]]).^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) Littré rejected the old explanation from “hic est quaestio”, words supposedly written on legal bags.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ The sense “ceremonial” is borrowed back from [[es|etiqueta]], itself from French.^(TLFi)^(Larousse)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A pardon letter of 1387 has ''estiquette'' for a post driven into the ground as a target in games (''aux grans billes à ferir en l'estiquete'').^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ By extension, perhaps because some posts bore an inscription, it was a label showing the contents of a bag of legal papers (1435) and, in the 15th–16th centuries, a list of witnesses, ''juger sur l'étiquette (du sac)'' “to judge by appearances” goes back to 1585–1660.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF) From 1580 it was a slip fixed to an object to show its nature or price, the dominant modern sense, and, from 1870 figuratively a political or ideological label.^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF)

+

+ At the court of Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, the word named the written schedule of the day; the word and the custom passed to Vienna through the marriage of Mary of Burgundy and Maximilian, then to Madrid.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992) French used it in 1607 of the court of Vienna, and Mme d'Aulnoy (1691) of ''les étiquettes du Palais'' in Spain; it then meant the ceremonial of a court, especially Versailles, and in the 18th century formal manners between private people (''être à cheval sur l'étiquette'').^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) English ''etiquette'' was borrowed in 1750, and ''ticket'' is an earlier borrowing from Old French ''estiquette''.^(Etymonline)^(Petit Robert 2007) ''Étiqueter'' dates from 1564.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1180 – Picard ''estiquier''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1387 – ''Estiquette'' “target post”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1435 – A label on a legal bag.^(TLFi)

+ * 1564 – ''Étiqueter''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1580 – A label on an object.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1607 – Court ceremonial (Vienna).^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1691 – ''Les étiquettes du Palais'' in Mme d'Aulnoy.^(TLFi)

+ * 1750 – English ''etiquette''.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1870 – A political label.^(BHVF)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A label, tag: ''l'étiquette d'une bouteille'', ''le prix est sur l'étiquette''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(figurative)'' A label (political, ideological): ''un candidat sans étiquette''.^(Larousse)^(BHVF)

+ # [[m|en|etiquette|alt=Etiquette]], ceremonial, protocol: ''l'étiquette de la cour''.^(Larousse)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(computing)'' A label.^(Larousse)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[étiqueter]]

+ * [[étiqueter]]

+ * [[étiquetage]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[astiquer]]

+ * [[ticket]]

+ * [[en|etiquette]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}