escouade French · revision 16018
17 Oct 2026, 22:01 by bogdan “New French entry (TLFi, FEW, DHLF, Bloch–Wartburg…)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=late 15th century, Jean Molinet|origins=it squadra}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA: /ɛs.kwad/^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''escouade''' ''f'' (plural escouades)^(Wiktionary)
+ ''Escoydre'' (late 15th century), ''escoadre'' (1506), ''esquade'' (1553), ''escouade'' (about 1570).^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)^(BHVF)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[bor|it|squadra]], adapted a second time (see [[escadre]]),^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Larousse)^(FEW|2, 1397a) which stayed in the land army while “escadre” specialised in the navy.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) The TLFi thinks recourse to [[es|escuadra]], proposed by Bloch and Wartburg, unnecessary.^(TLFi) Littré notes that “escouade” was once used for a fleet and “esquadre” for a troop, proof that they are one word.^(Littré 1873)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Jean Molinet's ''Chroniques'' (late 15th century) have ''escoydre'' for a subdivision of a body of troops.^(TLFi)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ Carloix (about 1570) wrote of each captain sending ''une escouade de leurs compaignies''.^(Littré 1873)^(TLFi) It was long a fraction of an infantry section or a cavalry platoon under a corporal or brigadier (still in 1914–1918), and by extension, from Balzac (1843), a small group of people gathered round someone (''une escouade de petits abbés'', Hugo).^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)^(BHVF)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * Late 15th century – ''Escoydre'' in Molinet.^(TLFi)
+ * 1506 – ''Escoadre''.^(TLFi)
+ * 1553 – ''Esquade''.^(Petit Robert 2007)
+ * c. 1570 – ''Escouade'' in Carloix.^(TLFi)
+ * 1843 – A small group, in Balzac.^(BHVF)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # ''(dated, military)'' A [[m|en|squad]] (of infantry or cavalry under a corporal).^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)
+ # A small group, team: ''une escouade de balayeurs''.^(Larousse)^(Petit Robert 2007)
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[escadre]]
+ * [[escadron]]
+ * [[équerre]]
+ * [[carré]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}