hybride French · revision 16000

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1540, translation of Suetonius|origins=la hybrida}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /i.bʁid/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''hybride''' (plural hybrides)^(Wiktionary)

+ ''Hibride'' (1540–1596), ''ibride'' (Vaugelas, 1647); ''hybride'' from 1776.^(TLF-Étym)^(GLLF 1989)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is borrowed from [[la|hybrida|t=mongrel; of mixed blood]], earlier “ibrida”, said especially of the offspring of a wild boar and a sow and of children of parents of different countries or ranks.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|4, 521b) The spelling “hybrida” is due to a false connection with [[grc|ὕβρις|tr=húbris|t=excess, outrage]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) The TLFi compares glosses “iber”, “imbrum” “mule”.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The revised TLFi dates it to 1540, in a translation of Suetonius, for a person of mixed descent (''Hibride : cest a scauoir estrange de lignage'');^(TLF-Étym) it is used of animals in 1558 (Amyraut) and as a noun in 1625.^(TLF-Étym)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The word was applied to plants from the 18th century (1754, Latin ''hybrida'', 1788).^(TLF-Étym)^(DHLF 1992) In grammar Vaugelas (1647) spoke of ''mots ibrides'', formed from two languages, such as ''automobile''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) From 1832 (Hugo's ''entassement hybride d'arcades'') it described anything made of disparate elements, a sense now common (''une solution hybride'').^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ Biology and farming have ''hybridation'' (1826), ''hybrider'' (1862) and ''hybride F1''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Larousse) In motoring a ''voiture hybride'' combines a combustion engine and an electric motor.^(Larousse)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1540 – ''Hibride'' of a person.^(TLF-Étym)

+ * 1558 – Of animals.^(TLF-Étym)

+ * 1596 – ''Hibride'' in Hulsius.^(TLFi)

+ * 1625 – As a noun.^(TLF-Étym)

+ * 1647 – ''Mots ibrides'' in Vaugelas.^(TLFi)

+ * 1754 – Of plants.^(TLF-Étym)

+ * 1826 – ''Hybridation''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1832 – Figurative use in Hugo.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # ''(biology)'' [[m|en|hybrid|alt=Hybrid]]: ''maïs hybride''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(linguistics)'' Formed from elements of different languages: ''mot hybride''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # Mixed, composite: ''une œuvre hybride'', ''une solution hybride''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # ''(motoring)'' Hybrid: ''voiture hybride''.^(Larousse)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A hybrid: ''le mulet est un hybride''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[hybridation]]

+ * [[hybrider]]

+ * [[hybridité]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[la|hybrida]]

+ * [[en|hybrid]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}