clinique French · revision 15996

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1586, Gabriel Chappuys|origins=grc κλίνη}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /kli.nik/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''clinique''' (plural cliniques)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is borrowed from [[la-lat|clīnicus|t=bedridden; physician who visits the sick]] and its noun “clinice” “medicine practised at the bedside”,^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|2, 784b) from [[grc|κλινικός|tr=klinikós|t=of the bed]], “klinikê (tekhnê)” “bedside medicine”, from [[m|grc|κλίνη|tr=klínē|t=bed]], from [[m|grc|κλίνω|tr=klínō|t=to lean, incline]] (see [[climat]], [[incliner]]).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873) Bloch and Wartburg note that it was opposed to “empirique”, then a pejorative word.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ [[en|clinic]] (1620s) is from French; its sense “private hospital” (1884) comes through German “Klinik”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Gabriel Chappuys's translation of Garzoni (1586) lists ''la Clinique'' among branches of medicine;^(BHVF)^(DHLF 1992) in 1626 Olivier du Mesnil uses the noun for the method of examining the patient in bed.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Cotgrave (1611) has ''clinique'' for a bedridden patient, and in Church history a ''clinique'' was one baptised on his sickbed (before 1704).^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989) The adjective ''médecine clinique'' dates from 1696 (Daniel Le Clerc), with ''signes cliniques'', ''examen clinique'', based on direct observation rather than theory.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ In the 19th century the noun named bedside teaching (1808), then the establishment where it is given (1814, ''chef de clinique'', 1829) and, from the patient's side, a private establishment where the sick receive care (Goncourt, 1890), now the usual sense in France, opposed to the public ''hôpital''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) ''Clinicien'' dates from 1838.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1586 – ''La Clinique'' in Chappuys.^(BHVF)

+ * 1611 – A bedridden patient, in Cotgrave.^(TLFi)

+ * 1620s – English ''clinic''.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1626 – Bedside medicine.^(TLFi)

+ * 1696 – ''Médecine clinique''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1808 – Bedside teaching.^(TLFi)

+ * 1829 – ''Chef de clinique''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1838 – ''Clinicien''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1890 – A private hospital, in the Goncourts.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(feminine)'' A private hospital, [[m|en|clinic]]: ''accoucher dans une clinique''.^(Larousse)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(feminine)'' Clinical teaching; a teaching hospital department: ''chef de clinique''.^(Larousse)^(TLFi)

+ # ''(feminine)'' Clinical method, diagnosis by direct observation.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|clinical|alt=Clinical]]: ''examen clinique'', ''signes cliniques'', ''essai clinique''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[clinicien]]

+ * [[cliniquement]]

+ * [[polyclinique]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[climat]]

+ * [[incliner]]

+ * [[grc|κλίνη|tr=klínē]]

+ * [[en|clinic]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}