fatiguer French · revision 15992

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=early 14th century, Aimé du Mont-Cassin|origins=la fatīgō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /fa.ti.ɡe/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fatiguer'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|fatīgō|t=to tire out; to harass, torment]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|3, 434a) which in Latin first meant “to ride (an animal) to death”, then “to wear out”, and in imperial Latin “to pester”.^(DHLF 1992) It is probably derived from “fatis” “cleft, crack”, as in “ad fatim” “to bursting”, whence “affatim” “to satiety”.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)

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+ Compare [[pro|fatigar]], [[es|fatigar]] and [[it|faticare]].^(Littré 1873)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Aimé du Mont-Cassin's ''Histoire des Normands'' (early 14th century) has the reflexive, “to exhaust one's strength by long or hard effort”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The verb has always meant to reduce the strength of an organism, to subject it to hard effort, and, from 1549 it was also intransitive, “to tire”.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) Before 1660 Scarron used it for wearying by tedium, the Latin “to pester”, and in classical French it meant to wear down resistance (Molière, 1669) and to harass an enemy (Racine, 1678).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) In agriculture one ''fatigue'' a tree by letting it bear too much (1752) and the soil by working it over (1773), whence ''fatiguer la salade'' “to toss the salad” (1845).^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) In engineering a beam or ship ''fatigue'' under excessive strain (1756), and a machine (1792).^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ The noun ''fatigue'' dates from the 14th century, ''fatigant'' from 1666–1668.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) In Savoy, Auvergne and Provence ''fatigué'' is a euphemism for “ill”.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Early 14th century – ''Se fatiguer'' in Aimé du Mont-Cassin.^(TLFi)

+ * 14th century – ''Fatigue''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1470 – ''Infatigable''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1549 – Intransitive “to tire”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * Before 1660 – “To weary”, in Scarron.^(TLFi)

+ * 1756 – Of a beam or ship.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1845 – ''Fatiguer la salade''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|tire]], wear out: ''cette marche m'a fatigué'', ''fatiguer les yeux''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To weary, annoy, bore: ''tu me fatigues avec tes questions''.^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To tire, flag; of a machine or structure, to labour, be under strain.^(Wiktionary)^(Larousse)

+ # ''(reflexive)'' To tire oneself, ''(negative)'' to bother: ''il ne s'est pas fatigué''.^(Wiktionary)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''(agriculture)'' To exhaust (soil, a tree); ''(familiar)'' ''fatiguer la salade'': to toss the salad.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[fatigue]]

+ * [[fatigant]]

+ * [[fatigué]]

+ * [[infatigable]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[la|fatīgō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}