véhicule French · revision 15987

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1538, Jean Canappe|origins=la vehō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ve.i.kyl/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /vi.kyl/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''véhicule''' ''m'' (plural véhicules)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|vehiculum|t=means of transport, carriage]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|14, 215b) from [[la|vehō|t=to carry, convey]] (see [[vecteur]] and [[voiture]]), which corresponds to [[sa|वहति|tr=vahati|t=he conveys in a chariot]] and belongs to an Indo-European root “*wegh-” “to move, draw”, also the source of [[la|via|t=way]] and of [[wagon]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Etymonline)

+

+ [[en|vehicle]] (1610s) comes from French “véhicule”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Jean Canappe (1538) uses it in pharmacy for the liquid in which a medicine is dissolved;^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Paré (1561) calls the serum ''le vehicule du sang''.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In 1551 a glossary to a translation of Leone Ebreo defines it as ''Chariot. Brouette, ou tel instrument propre à porter et conduire'';^(BHVF)^(TLFi) Bloch and Wartburg note that the concrete sense “carriage” spread only about 1816, the word having been used before in technical senses.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) It now names any means of land transport (''véhicule hippomobile'', 1898, ''véhicule utilitaire''), and in a wider sense also spacecraft.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ From about 1660 (Bossuet) it was what serves to communicate, as in ''la langue, véhicule de la pensée'', and in physics the medium carrying light (1694).^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) In painting it is a medium for colours (1808–1812).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) In 1849 it rendered Sanskrit ''yāna'' in ''Grand Véhicule'' and ''Petit Véhicule'', the two schools of Buddhism.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The verb ''véhiculer'' dates from 1835.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1538 – A pharmaceutical vehicle, in Canappe.^(TLFi)

+ * 1551 – “Cart, barrow”.^(BHVF)

+ * 1561 – ''Le vehicule du sang'' in Paré.^(TLFi)

+ * 1610s – English ''vehicle''.^(Etymonline)

+ * c. 1660 – A means of communication, in Bossuet.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1835 – ''Véhiculer''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1849 – ''Grand Véhicule'', ''Petit Véhicule''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1905 – ''Langue véhiculaire''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|vehicle]]: ''véhicule automobile'', ''véhicule utilitaire'', ''véhicule spatial''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # A medium, vehicle (of ideas): ''la langue, véhicule de la pensée''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # ''(medicine, physics)'' A carrier, medium, ''(pharmacy)'' a liquid excipient.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # ''(painting)'' A medium, binder.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''(Buddhism)'' ''Grand Véhicule'', ''Petit Véhicule'': Mahayana, Hinayana.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[véhiculer]]

+ * [[véhiculaire]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vecteur]]

+ * [[voiture]]

+ * [[voie]]

+ * [[la|vehiculum]]

+ * [[en|vehicle]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}