assurer French · revision 15985

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1100, Chanson de Roland|origins=la sēcūrus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /a.sy.ʁe/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''assurer'''^(Wiktionary)

+ [[fro|asoürer]] (1080, reflexive), [[m|fro|asseürer]] (until the 16th century).^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|asseürer]], [[inh|la-vul|*assēcūrō|alt=*assēcūrāre|t=to make safe, protect]],^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|25, 509b) from [[m|la|ad-]] and [[la|sēcūrus|t=safe, secure]] (see [[sûr]]);^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary) the verb is postulated from forms in most Romance languages.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|assicurare]], [[pro|assegurar]] and [[es|asegurar]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Littré 1873) The Anglo-Norman “asseurer” corresponds to [[en|assure]].^(AND)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Chanson de Roland'' (about 1100) has ''Li quens Rolans mie ne s'asoüret'', Count Roland does not seek safety: “to put (oneself) in safety”.^(Littré 1873)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the late 12th century it took the psychological sense “to reassure, make confident”, later largely taken over by ''rassurer'' (Chrétien de Troyes, Corneille's ''tâchons d'assurer la Reine'').^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007) From the mid-12th century it also meant “to affirm as certain”: ''assurer qqn de qqch.'', ''assurer à qqn que'' (Marie de France), ''assurer que'' (1461), and the conversational ''je t'assure''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) Old French also used it for handing over a pledged property (1305), whence ''s'assurer de qqch.'' “to secure” (1640) and ''s'assurer que'' “to make sure”.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ From 1486 it meant to make firm or steady, and in climbing to belay (Saussure, 1780; with a rope, 1913).^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF) From the early 15th century ships and goods were ''assurés'' against risks, and in 1829 property in general.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) ''Assurer'' also means to ensure, provide (''assurer un service''), and in recent slang, from musicians' use (1971), “to be up to it”.^(DHLF 1992)^(Larousse)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1100 – ''S'asoüret'' in the ''Chanson de Roland''.^(Littré 1873)

+ * Mid-12th century – “To affirm”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1175 – ''Aseürer qqn de'' “to assure”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 12th century – ''Assurance''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * Early 15th century – Marine insurance.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1486 – “To make firm”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1550 – ''Assureur''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1780 – A climbing term, in Saussure.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1971 – Slang “to be up to it”.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|assure]], affirm: ''il m'a assuré qu'il viendrait'', ''je vous assure''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # ''Assurer qqn de qqch.'': to assure someone of something.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # To [[m|en|ensure]], secure; to provide, carry out: ''assurer l'avenir'', ''assurer un service''.^(Wiktionary)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # To [[m|en|insure]]: ''assurer sa maison contre l'incendie''.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # To steady, secure: ''assurer sa prise'', ''(climbing)'' to belay.^(Littré 1873)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(reflexive)'' ''S'assurer que'', ''de'': to make sure, ''s'assurer qqch.'': to secure; to take out insurance.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(familiar, intransitive)'' To be up to it, cope: ''il assure''.^(Larousse)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[assurance]]

+ * [[assureur]]

+ * [[rassurer]]

+ * [[réassurer]]

+ * [[assurance]]

+ * [[assureur]]

+ * [[rassurer]]

+ * [[réassurer]]

+ * [[assuré]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sûr]]

+ * [[sécurité]]

+ * [[en|assure]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}