sud French · revision 15973

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1138, Geffrei Gaimar|origins=ang sūþ}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /syd/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sud''' ''m'' (invariable)^(Wiktionary)

+ ''Suth'' (about 1138), ''su'' (13th century, Marie de France), ''sud'' (about 1170); sailors still pronounce the compounds without ⟨d⟩ (''suet'', ''suroît'').^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|ang|sūþ|t=south]] ([[en|south]]),^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|17, 267b) a word that may belong to an Indo-European root “*su-” “sun”, like [[en|sun]] and [[la|sōl]], the south being the side of the sun.^(DHLF 1992) Wiktionary notes that the vowel of “est” shows that the French compass points came from English rather than Dutch or Norse.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Geffrei Gaimar's ''Estoire des Engleis'' (about 1138) has ''suth'' for the part of the world opposite the north;^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Denis Piramus (late 12th century) speaks of ''le vent du su''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ About 1170 (''Livre des Rois'') it named the southern region of a country: ''Li uns rochiers muntout al north, et li altres al sud''.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873) The wind from the south is a ''sud'' from 1596, and sailors ''font le sud'' (1812).^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) The invariable adjective appears in ''latitude sud'' (Trévoux, 1721) and of a wind (''le vent étoit sud'', 1783).^(TLFi)^(BHVF) With a capital it names the southern hemisphere and its countries (''l'Amérique du Sud''), and in modern usage the developing countries as opposed to the industrialised North.^(DHLF 1992)^(Larousse)

+

+ ''Sudiste'' (1872) named a partisan of the South in the American Civil War.^(DHLF 1992) ''Sud-est'' (''suth est'', about 1155) and ''sud-ouest'' (''zuutwest'', 1421) took their modern forms in the 17th century, and calques of English such as ''sud-américain'' (1865) and ''sud-africain'' (1890) put ''sud-'' first.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1138 – ''Suth'' in Gaimar.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1155 – ''Suth est''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1170 – ''Sud'' in the ''Livre des Rois''.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1421 – ''Zuutwest''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1596 – The south wind.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1721 – ''Latitude sud''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1865 – ''Sud-américain''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1872 – ''Sudiste''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|south]]: ''au sud de la Loire'', ''plein sud'', ''vent du sud''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(capitalised)'' The southern part of a country or the world: ''le Sud de la France'', ''l'Amérique du Sud''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # ''(capitalised)'' The developing countries.^(Larousse)

+

+ ===Adjective===

+ # South, southern: ''le pôle Sud'', ''la banlieue sud''; of a wind, southerly.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(BHVF)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[sudiste]]

+ * [[sud-est]]

+ * [[sud-ouest]]

+ * [[suroît]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[nord]]

+ * [[est]]

+ * [[ouest]]

+ * [[en|south]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}