artiste French · revision 15961

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1395, Christine de Pizan|origins=la ars}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /aʁ.tist/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Quebec): /aʁ.t͡sɪst/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''artiste''' ''m or f'' by sense (plural artistes)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is borrowed from [[la-med|artista]] or from [[it|artista]],^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(FEW|25, 346a) the first derived from [[la|ars|t=art, skill]] (genitive “artis”), the second from [[m|it|arte]] (see [[art]]).^(DHLF 1992)^(Larousse) In Medieval Latin an “artista” was a student or master of the liberal arts, and the word was also used by alchemists.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ [[en|artiste]] (1804 as a French word, naturalised by 1819) is a reborrowing beside [[en|artist]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Christine de Pizan (1395–1405) writes ''Homme de mestier, que les clers appellent artistes'', for craftsmen, and says of Charles V that he ''estoit droit artiste et appris es sciences''.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As a learned word it was close to ''artisan'', with the value of Latin ''artifex''; it also meant a student of the liberal arts (1404, until the 18th century) and an architect (1578).^(DHLF 1992) In the 16th century it was an adjective, “made with skill” (Montaigne's ''un feu artiste'').^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873) Once ''artisan'' came into use in the mid-16th century the two words parted, and by the 18th century the relation was a hierarchy: Trévoux (1711) calls an ''artiste'' one whose craft ''suppose de l'intelligence'' — the clockmaker, not the shoemaker.^(DHLF 1992) It also named a chemist (1662), a doctor (1787) and a veterinary surgeon (''artiste vétérinaire'', 1785).^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Bloch and Wartburg date the modern sense to 1656.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) In the Revolutionary period actors, cooks and hairdressers all called themselves ''artistes'', a vogue mocked in the early 19th century (D'Hautel, 1808), and surviving in ''artiste capillaire'' (1864).^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF) The sense “actor, performer” (1753) remains usual;^(DHLF 1992) from the beginning of the 19th century, with Romanticism, the word was tied to the fine arts and to ''art'' as an aesthetic ideal, apart from ''artisan''.^(DHLF 1992) The adjective ''artistique'' dates from 1808, and familiar ''salut, l'artiste !'' from about 1919.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1395 – ''Artiste'' “craftsman”, in Christine de Pizan.^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * 1404 – A student of the liberal arts.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1554 – The adjective “made with art”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1656 – The modern sense.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1753 – “Actor”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1785 – ''Artiste vétérinaire''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1808 – ''Artistique''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1819 – English ''artiste''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An [[m|en|artist]], one who practises a fine art; a creator of works of art: ''artiste peintre''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # A performer: actor, singer, musician: ''l'entrée des artistes''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # One who has artistic feeling or does something with art, ''(ironic)'' ''artiste capillaire, culinaire''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''(familiar)'' A joker, character: ''salut, l'artiste !''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(dated)'' A Bohemian, nonconformist.^(Larousse)

+

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Artistic, having a feeling for art: ''un milieu artiste'', ''écriture artiste'' (the Goncourts' style).^(Larousse)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[artistique]]

+ * [[artistique]]

+ * [[artistiquement]]

+ * [[artistement]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[art]]

+ * [[artisan]]

+ * [[la|ars]]

+ * [[en|artist]]

+ * [[en|artiste]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}