pâte French · revision 15960

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=1174–1178, Étienne de Fougères|origins=grc παστά}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /pat/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /ˈpa.tə/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (France, traditional): /pɑt/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Belgium, Switzerland): /pɑt/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pâte''' ''f'' (plural pâtes)^(Wiktionary)

+ [[fro|paste]], ''pâte'' from 1636 (Monet), in the Académie from 1740.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|paste]], [[inh|la-lat|pasta|t=dough]] (4th century, Marcellus Empiricus),^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|7, 744a) from [[grc|παστά|tr=pastá|t=dish of barley and cheese]],^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007) the neuter plural of [[m|grc|παστός|tr=pastós|t=sprinkled]], from [[m|grc|πάσσω|tr=pássō|t=to sprinkle]], a verb of obscure origin.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873) Bloch and Wartburg and the GLLF give the Greek as “pastê” “sauce mixed with flour”,^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(GLLF 1989) and the Grand Robert adds the influence of Old French “past” “meal” (see [[paître]]).^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|pasta]], [[pro|pasta]], [[es|pasta]] and [[ro|pastă]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Étienne de Fougères's ''Livre des manières'' (1174–1178) has ''pein de neire paste'', bread of black dough: flour mixed with water and kneaded.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the 13th century fish and rabbits were cooked ''en paste'' (Rutebeuf's ''connins en paste''), whence Mme de Sévigné's ''comme un coq en pâte'' (1672), “in clover”, Bloch and Wartburg explain it from a cock being fattened.^(TLFi)^(BHVF)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Littré 1873) The baker's work gave ''mettre la main à la pâte'' (1389, literal; 1486, figurative).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The plural ''pâtes'' named small pieces of dough cooked in water, first ''pâtes d'Italie'' (Parmentier, 1778), then ''les pâtes'' (1825), now preferred to ''nouilles''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ By analogy it was used of a medicinal paste (1495), a moulded relief (1520), ''paste à papier'' (1557), the colours of painters (1690) and the body of a cheese (''pâte molle'', 1723).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Figuratively it is a person's character, surviving in ''une bonne pâte'' (Bonaventure des Périers, 1554: ''bonne paste de gens'').^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873) In sub-Saharan Africa ''pâte'' is a ball of flour, semolina or yam served with a sauce.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 4th century – Late Latin ''pasta'' in Marcellus Empiricus.^(TLFi)

+ * 1174–1178 – ''Paste'' in Étienne de Fougères.^(TLFi)

+ * 13th century – ''En paste''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1389 – Putting one's hand to the dough, in Philippe de Mézières.^(TLFi)

+ * 1557 – ''Paste à papier''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1672 – ''Comme un coq en pâte'' in Mme de Sévigné.^(BHVF)

+ * 1723 – ''Pâte molle'' of cheese.^(TLFi)

+ * 1778 – ''Pâtes d'Italie'' in Parmentier.^(TLFi)

+ * 1825 – ''Les pâtes'' in Brillat-Savarin.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|dough|alt=Dough]], pastry; batter: ''pâte à pain'', ''pâte brisée'', ''pâte à crêpes''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(plural)'' [[m|en|pasta|alt=Pasta]]: ''pâtes alimentaires''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|paste]], soft mixture: ''pâte à papier'', ''pâte à modeler'', ''pâte dentifrice''.^(Wiktionary)^(Larousse)

+ # The body of a cheese: ''fromage à pâte molle''.^(Larousse)^(TLFi)

+ # ''(painting)'' The texture of the paint.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''Une bonne pâte'': a good sort, ''mettre la main à la pâte'': to lend a hand, ''comme un coq en pâte'': in clover.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[pâteux]]

+ * [[pâton]]

+ * [[empâter]]

+ * [[pâté]]

+ * [[pâtée]]

+ * [[pâtisserie]]

+ * [[pâtissier]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pastiche]]

+ * [[pastis]]

+ * [[pâtisser]]

+ * [[pâtes]]

+ * [[la-lat|pasta]]

+ * [[en|paste]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}