résumer French · revision 15957

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1370, Oresme|origins=la emō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʁe.zy.me/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''résumer'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|resūmō|t=to take up again, resume]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|10, 326b) from the iterative [[m|la|re-]] and [[m|la|sūmō|t=to take]], itself from “*sus-emere”, a compound of [[la|emō|t=to take; to buy]] (see [[exempt]]).^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ [[en|resume]] keeps the old sense “to take up again”.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Oresme (1370) uses ''resumer'' both concretely, of a thrown stone that cannot be taken back, and for going back over arguments: ''Donques en resumant nous dirons…''.^(Littré 1873)^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The sense “to repeat (arguments)” lasted, in burlesque style, into the 18th century, and in scholastic disputation it was to restate an argument before answering it.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) From the idea of going over again came “to restate briefly, give the gist” (Furetière, 1690), now the usual sense, and ''se résumer'' “to sum up one's words” (1796).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF) In the 19th century a thing could ''résumer'' others, contain them in condensed form (''se résumer'', Hugo, 1831, Musset, 1838), and ''se résumer à'' means “to come down to”.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) The noun ''résumé'' dates from 1750–1762, and ''en résumé'' from 1803.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1370 – ''Resumer'' in Oresme.^(TLFi)

+ * 1690 – “To summarise”, in Furetière.^(TLFi)

+ * 1750 – ''Résumé'' “summary”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1796 – ''Se résumer''.^(BHVF)

+ * 1803 – ''En résumé''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1838 – “To embody”, in Musset.^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|summarize]], sum up: ''résumer un texte'', ''résumer la situation''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To embody, epitomise: ''une phrase qui résume sa pensée''.^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(reflexive)'' ''Se résumer'': to sum up (one's words); ''se résumer à'': to come down to.^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[résumé]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[assumer]]

+ * [[présumer]]

+ * [[somptueux]]

+ * [[la|resūmō]]

+ * [[en|resume]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}