régime French · revision 15941

+ French has two nouns ''régime'': “regime, system; diet”, from Latin ''regimen'', and “bunch (of bananas)”, an Antillean word probably from Spanish ''racimo''.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

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+ {{homograph|1|regime}}

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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1265, Règle du Temple|origins=la regō}}

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+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʁe.ʒim/^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Forms==

+ '''régime''' ''m'' (plural régimes)^(Wiktionary)

+ ''Regimen'' (about 1265), ''regime'' (about 1350); ''régime'' in the Académie from 1740.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ “Regime” is [[bor|la|regimen|t=direction, government]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|10, 208b) from [[la|regō|t=to direct, rule]] (see [[régir]]).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The earlier popular form “roiame” (late 12th century, “regisme” “kingdom”, 1190), crossed with “royal”, became [[royaume]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)

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+ [[en|regime]] (1792) is from French.^(Etymonline)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ ''La Règle du Temple'' (about 1265) has ''regimen'' for the act of governing.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As the action noun of ''régir'', it meant governing and, figuratively, moral direction (Retz, 1654), a sense lost in the 18th century.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) From 1408–1409 it named the rules governing an institution, later ''régime dotal'' (1812), ''régime fiscal'', ''régime pénitentiaire''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) In 1789 ''ancien régime'' named the absolute monarchy just overthrown, and the word soon meant any form of government (Mirabeau).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

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+ In medicine it was a treatment (Henri de Mondeville, 1314), then a way of life for health (late 14th century, ''régime de vivre'', 1559), whence the modern sense “diet”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The grammarians used it from 1680 for the word governed by a verb (''cas régime'').^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) In the 19th century it took technical senses: the flow of a fluid (1828) or a river (1870), the speed of an engine (1900, ''à plein régime'').^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1265 – ''Regimen'' “government”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1314 – A medical treatment.^(TLFi)

+ * 1409 – The rules of an institution.^(TLFi)

+ * 1680 – A grammatical term, in Richelet.^(TLFi)

+ * 1789 – ''Ancien régime''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1792 – English ''regime''.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1828 – The flow of a fluid.^(TLFi)

+ * 1900 – The speed of an engine.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|regime]], system of government: ''régime parlementaire'', ''l'Ancien Régime''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A system of rules: ''régime fiscal'', ''régime matrimonial''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # A [[m|en|diet]]: ''être au régime'', ''régime sans sel''.^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(technical)'' Rate, speed: ''régime d'un moteur'', ''à plein régime'': flat out; the régime of a river.^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)

+ # ''(grammar)'' An object: ''cas régime''.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

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+ {{homograph|2|bunch}}

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+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=borrowing|attested=1640, Bouton|origins=la racēmus}}

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+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʁe.ʒim/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''régime''' ''m'' (plural régimes)^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Etymology==

+ “Bunch” is a word of the Antilles, probably [[bor|es|racimo|t=bunch (of grapes)]], reshaped after “régime” “regime”;^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Larousse) Spanish “racimo” meant a bunch of dates from 1495.^(TLFi) It goes back to [[la|racēmus|t=bunch of grapes]] (see [[raisin]]).^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Father Bouton's account of the French settlement of Martinique (1640) has ''regime de bananes''.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The word named the large cluster of fruit of the banana and palm trees (''régime de dattes''), and by analogy other bunches of fruit tied together.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007) In botany it is also the inflorescence from which the fruit develops.^(Larousse)^(GLLF 1989)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1495 – Spanish ''racimo'' “bunch of dates”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1640 – ''Regime de bananes'' in Martinique.^(TLFi)

+ * 1835 – In the Académie.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|bunch]], cluster (of bananas, dates): ''un régime de bananes''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # ''(botany)'' The inflorescence of the banana or palm tree.^(Larousse)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[régiment]]

+ * [[royaume]]

+ * [[régir]]

+ * [[raisin]]

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}