tube French · revision 15932

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1460, Tournai|origins=la tubus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /tyb/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''tube''' ''m'' (plural tubes)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|tubus|t=pipe, conduit, tube]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|13/2, 391b) of the same uncertain origin as [[la|tuba|t=trumpet]] (see [[tuba]]).^(DHLF 1992) The cycling sense “racing tyre” is from English “single-tube”, and “le Tube” “the London Underground” follows English “tube”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A Tournai text of 1460 uses ''tube'' in the sense “vault”, a regional and now obsolete use;^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) Bloch and Wartburg record the word in 1453.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The modern sense, a hollow cylinder through which gases or liquids pass, is attested from Cotgrave (1611).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) It spread to optical instruments (1690), anatomy (''tube intestinal'', Buffon, 1775, ''tube digestif'', 1830), botany, acoustics (''tube acoustique'', 1812) and physics (''tube de Crookes'', 1896, ''tube à néon'', 1912, ''tube cathodique'', 1939).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Delille (1800) used it poetically for a gun, and the 1860s slang for the gullet, the stomach and the top hat.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) About 1930 it came to mean a squeezable container (''tube de dentifrice'', ''tubes de couleurs'', Huysmans, 1883).^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+

+ In 20th-century slang a ''tube'' was a tip (1901), a telephone call (1952), and, from about 1960 a hit song, first in musicians' slang.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF) ''À pleins tubes'' “flat out” (1935) alludes to exhausts, and later to full volume (1947).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1453 – ''Tube''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1460 – “Vault”, at Tournai.^(TLFi)

+ * 1611 – “Pipe”, in Cotgrave.^(TLFi)

+ * 1775 – ''Tube intestinal'' in Buffon.^(TLFi)

+ * 1812 – ''Tube acoustique''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1883 – ''Tubes de couleurs'' in Huysmans.^(TLFi)

+ * 1901 – A racing tyre; a tip.^(TLFi)

+ * 1935 – ''À pleins tubes''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1960 – “Hit song”.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|tube]], pipe: ''tube de verre'', ''tube à essai''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A squeezable container: ''tube de dentifrice'', ''tube de peinture''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(anatomy, botany)'' A tube: ''tube digestif'', ''tube pollinique''.^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)

+ # ''(electronics)'' A valve, tube: ''tube cathodique''.^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)

+ # ''(familiar)'' A [[m|en|hit]] (song): ''le tube de l'été''.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''À pleins tubes'': flat out; at full blast.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ # ''(cycling)'' A tubular racing tyre.^(TLFi)^(BHVF)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[tuber]]

+ * [[tubage]]

+ * [[tubulaire]]

+ * [[tubard]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tuba]]

+ * [[la|tubus]]

+ * [[en|tube]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}