mode French · revision 15926

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1393, Ménagier de Paris|origins=la modus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /mɔd/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''mode''' ''f'' (plural modes)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|modus|t=measure; manner, way, (in music) mode, (in grammar) mood]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|6/3, 19b) first as a feminine noun because of its ending in “-e”;^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) the masculine was reintroduced from the mid-15th century, probably under Latin influence, for technical senses (grammar, music, philosophy).^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary) Rey explains that “modus” belongs to the group of [[m|la|medeor|t=to heal]], from a root meaning “to take appropriate measures”.^(DHLF 1992)^(Etymonline)

+

+ Old and Middle French also had an inherited form [[m|fro|muef]], “moeuf”, for the grammatical and musical senses.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary) [[it|moda]] and [[es|moda]] “fashion” come from French.^(REW 1935)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Ménagier de Paris'' (about 1393) has ''poucins à la mode lombarde'', chicken “in the Lombard way”, the sense “collective way of living, proper to a country or a period”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ This sense survives in ''à la mode de'': ''neveu à la mode de Bretagne'' (d'Aubigné, 1619) “first cousin once removed”, ''bœuf à la mode'' (1651) and ''tripes à la mode de Caen''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) From 1452 it was also an individual's way of doing things (''à sa mode''), still regional.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The usual modern sense, the passing collective taste in dress and appearance, appears in 1480 (''s'abiller a mode nouvelle''), with ''à la mode'' (1549) and ''passer de mode'' (1747);^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) ''marchande de modes'' (1692) refers to women's clothing, and ''la mode'' to the fashion trade (1860).^(TLFi)

+

+ As a masculine noun, ''le mode'' is a grammatical mood (1550, first feminine; masculine in Cotgrave, 1611), a musical mode (Amyot, 1547; d'Aubigné's ''mode Dorien'', 1598), a philosophical mode (Descartes, 1647) and a form of action (''mode de vie'', 1797, ''mode d'emploi'', 1872).^(TLFi)^(BHVF) English took ''mode'' from French and Latin.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1393 – ''À la mode lombarde'' in the ''Ménagier de Paris''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1480 – ''S'abiller a mode nouvelle'' in Coquillart.^(TLFi)

+ * 1549 – ''À la mode''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1598 – ''Le mode dorien'' (masculine) in d'Aubigné.^(TLFi)

+ * 1611 – The grammatical ''mode'' as a masculine, in Cotgrave.^(TLFi)

+ * 1651 – ''Bœuf à la mode''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1692 – ''Marchande de modes''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1872 – ''Mode d'emploi''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(feminine)'' [[m|en|fashion|alt=Fashion]], vogue: ''à la mode'', ''suivre la mode'', ''passé de mode''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # ''(feminine)'' The fashion trade; women's clothing: ''travailler dans la mode''.^(TLFi)^(Larousse)

+ # ''(feminine)'' Way, manner: ''à la mode de chez nous'', ''cousin à la mode de Bretagne''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # ''(masculine)'' A [[m|en|mode]], form, method: ''mode de vie'', ''mode d'emploi'', ''mode de paiement''.^(Larousse)^(TLFi)

+ # ''(masculine, grammar)'' A [[m|en|mood]]: ''le mode subjonctif''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # ''(masculine, music)'' A mode: ''mode majeur, mineur''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[modiste]]

+ * [[démodé]]

+ * [[modal]]

+ * [[modalité]]

+ * [[modèle]]

+ * [[démodé]]

+ * [[modiste]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[mœurs]]

+ * [[modérer]]

+ * [[modeste]]

+ * [[la|modus]]

+ * [[en|mode]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}