pendre French · revision 15925

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=late 10th century, Passion de Clermont|origins=la pendeō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /pɑ̃dʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pendre'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|pendre]], [[inh|la-vul|*pendĕre]], from classical [[la|pendeō|alt=pendēre|t=to hang, be suspended]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|8, 173a) with a change of conjugation after the related transitive verb [[m|la|pendō|alt=pendere|t=to hang up; to weigh]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary) The Romance languages took the third-conjugation form and so united the intransitive and transitive senses.^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873) The transitive Latin verb gave [[peser]] and [[penser]] through “pensare”.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) Rey mentions a possible link with Lithuanian “pìnti” “to plait” and Gothic “spinnan” “to spin”;^(DHLF 1992) Wiktionary gives [[ine-pro|*(s)pend-|t=to pull; to spin]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|pendere]], [[es|pender]] and [[pt|pender]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Passion'' of Clermont (late 10th century) has ''cortine pend'' “the curtain hangs”, and uses the transitive verb for crucifying.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The ''Vie de saint Alexis'' (about 1050) has ''pendre'' “to hang (something) up”, and the ''Chanson de Roland'' (about 1100) “to hang (someone) by the neck”: ''Assez est dreiz que Guenes seit pendut''.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873) The reflexive ''se pendre'' “to hang oneself” is in the ''Voyage de saint Brendan'' (early 12th century).^(TLFi) ''Pendre devant le nez'' (1121–1134) foreshadows ''pendre au nez'' “to be in store for”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) In 1265 Brunetto Latini uses the present participle for a lawsuit pending, the source of the preposition ''pendant''.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ Later phrases include ''dire pis que pendre de qqn'' (1596) “to say the worst things about someone”, ''pendre haut et court'' (1690), ''être pendu aux lèvres de qqn'' (Sévigné, 1686) and ''se pendre au cou de qqn'' (1553).^(BHVF)^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) ''Pendre la crémaillère'' is “to have a house-warming”.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 10th century – ''Cortine pend'' in the ''Passion'' of Clermont.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1050 – “To hang up” in ''Saint Alexis''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1100 – “To hang (a person)” in the ''Chanson de Roland''.^(TLFi)

+ * Early 12th century – ''Se pendre''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1121–1134 – ''Pendre devant le nez''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1596 – ''Dire pis que pendre''.^(BHVF)

+ * 1690 – ''Pendre haut et court''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To [[m|en|hang]], dangle: ''des boucles pendaient sur ses joues''; to sag, droop.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To hang (up): ''pendre un tableau'', ''pendre le linge''.^(GLLF 1989)^(TLFi)

+ # To hang (someone) by the neck, ''pendre haut et court''.^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''Ça lui pend au nez'': it's coming to him.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''Dire pis que pendre de qqn'': to say the worst about someone.^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF)

+ # ''Être pendu aux lèvres de qqn'': to hang on someone's words.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(reflexive)'' To hang oneself, ''se pendre au cou de qqn'': to throw one's arms round someone's neck.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[pendaison]]

+ * [[pendable]]

+ * [[pendant]]

+ * [[pendard]]

+ * [[penderie]]

+ * [[pendiller]]

+ * [[pente]]

+ * [[dépendre]]

+ * [[pendule]]

+ * [[cependant]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[suspendre]]

+ * [[peser]]

+ * [[penser]]

+ * [[la|pendeō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}