vide French · revision 15923

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1100, Chanson de Roland|origins=la vacō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /vid/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vide''' (plural vides)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French masculine [[m|fro|vuit]], feminine ''voide'', ''vuide'', ''vuide'' was the usual spelling until the 17th century and ''vide'' became official with the Académie of 1762.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the Old French feminine [[m|fro|vuide]], which ousted the masculine “vuit” by the 15th century,^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary) [[inh|la-vul|*vocitus|t=empty]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|14, 589a) from “*vocuus”, an archaic variant of classical [[la|vacuus|t=empty; vacant]],^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) related to [[m|la|vacō|t=to be empty]].^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) Littré first derived it from [[la|viduus|t=bereft]] and then accepted “*vocitus”, proposed by Schuchardt and Thomsen.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|vuoto]], [[pro|voig]] and [[ca|buit]].^(REW 1935)^(Littré 1873) Compare [[en|void]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Chanson de Roland'' (about 1100) has ''voide place'' “empty ground”, and also ''voide tere'' for land lying fallow.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the 12th–13th centuries ''vide de'' meant “devoid of” (Wace), and the adjective was used of a place without people and of the ''ventre vide'' (about 1200).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) ''Le chief ai vuit'' (''Roman de Renart'') is a light head from fatigue or hunger, and, from the 13th century ''tête vide'' a head without ideas;^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) figuratively it meant “lacking substance” (Brunetto Latini's ''foi wide'').^(TLFi) ''Les mains vuides'' “empty-handed” is in Amyot (1559).^(TLFi)

+

+ As a noun, ''le vide'' was a philosophical term for empty space in Oresme (about 1377), and Pascal's ''Expériences nouvelles touchant le vuide'' (1647) made it a term of physics, the vacuum.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Pascal also used it for a feeling of emptiness.^(TLFi) From 1675 it named open space, and in mountaineering the void below a climber (1868).^(TLFi)^(BHVF) ''Ensemble vide'', the empty set, is from 1960.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1100 – ''Voide place'' in the ''Chanson de Roland''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1200 – ''Le ventre vit'', ''le chief vuit''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1377 – ''Vuide'' “empty space” in Oresme.^(TLFi)

+ * 1559 – ''Les mains vuides'' in Amyot.^(TLFi)

+ * 1647 – Pascal's experiments on the vacuum.^(TLFi)

+ * 1762 – The spelling ''vide'' in the Académie.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1960 – ''Ensemble vide''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|empty|alt=Empty]]: ''une boîte vide'', ''un verre vide'', ''les mains vides'': empty-handed.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # Unoccupied, deserted; unfurnished: ''un appartement vide''.^(Larousse)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Vide de'': devoid of: ''vide de sens''.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Empty, meaningless: ''une vie vide'', ''un regard vide''.^(Larousse)^(TLFi)

+ # ''(mathematics)'' ''Ensemble vide'': the empty set.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(physics)'' A [[m|en|vacuum]]: ''emballé sous vide''.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Empty space, the [[m|en|void]]: ''se pencher au-dessus du vide''.^(Larousse)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A gap, blank; an empty place: ''combler un vide''.^(Larousse)

+ # A feeling of emptiness: ''un grand vide''.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''À vide'': empty, idling: ''tourner à vide''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[vidange]]

+ * [[dévider]]

+ * [[évider]]

+ * [[vide-poches]]

+ * [[vider]]

+ * [[videur]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vidage]]

+ * [[videuse]]

+ * [[vacant]]

+ * [[vacuité]]

+ * [[la|vacuus]]

+ * [[en|void]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}