benne French · revision 15914

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1579, Henri Estienne|origins=xtg benna}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /bɛn/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''benne''' ''f'' (plural bennes)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a dialect variant of [[banne]], probably from north-eastern France,^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|1, 325a) compare Lorraine “bène” “wicker basket” and Walloon “bèné”, a large cart for carrying manure.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The word goes back to [[la-lat|benna|t=wicker cart]] (late 8th–early 9th century), given as Gaulish by Festus,^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) from [[xtg|bennā]].^(Wiktionary) Bloch and Wartburg think it was first a means of transport made like a wicker basket, whence the senses “cart” and “basket” in Gallo-Romance dialects and in [[it|benna]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Henri Estienne's ''Précellence du langage françois'' (1579) has ''benne'' “tumbril, tipcart”, which he would gladly use in place of ''tombereau''.^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The word was first a rural term for a cart drawn by animals.^(DHLF 1992) In the coal country of the north-east it came to name the basket or tub used to bring coal out of a mine: the ''Encyclopédie'' (1751) has it as a measure of coal in Flanders, and Larousse (1866) as a barrel-shaped box used in mines.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) From this it passed to the tipping body of a lorry (''camion à benne'', ''benne basculante''), the grab of a crane (''benne preneuse''), a skip and a dustcart (''benne à ordures'').^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989) In the 1930s it named the cabin of a cable car (1931).^(BHVF) In wine regions it is also the grape-pickers' tub.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Larousse)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 8th–early 9th century – Late Latin ''benna''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1579 – ''Benne'' “tumbril” in Henri Estienne.^(TLFi)

+ * 1751 – A measure of coal in the ''Encyclopédie''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1866 – A mining tub, in Larousse.^(TLFi)

+ * 1931 – The cabin of a cable car.^(BHVF)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|skip]], tub for carrying materials in mines and on building sites.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # The tipping body of a lorry; a [[m|en|dump truck]]: ''camion à benne'', ''benne à ordures'': dustcart.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The grab or bucket of a crane: ''benne preneuse''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # The cabin of a cable car.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # ''(regional)'' A grape-pickers' tub or hod.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Larousse)

+ # ''(antiquity)'' A Gaulish wicker cart.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[banne]]

+ * [[banneton]]

+ * [[bannette]]

+ * [[la-lat|benna]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}