dôme French · revision 15908

+ French has two nouns ''dôme'': “cathedral” (of Italian and German cities), from Italian ''duomo'', and “dome, cupola”, from Provençal ''doma''; both go back to words for “house”.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)

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+ {{homograph|1|cathedral}}

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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1502, Jean d'Auton|origins=la domus}}

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+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /dom/^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Forms==

+ '''dôme''' ''m'' (plural dômes)^(Wiktionary)

+ ''Domme'' (1502), ''dome''.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Etymology==

+ “Cathedral” is [[bor|it|duomo|t=cathedral church]] (13th century),^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|3, 135b) probably shortened from Medieval Latin “domus episcopi” “the bishop's house”: “domus episcoporum” is used of the cathedral of Lucca in 766, and in Tuscany “domus” alone meant “cathedral” by the mid-9th century.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) The source is [[la|domus|t=house]],^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) from an Indo-European root “*dem-” “house”.^(DHLF 1992) Rey calls it the most direct French descendant of “domus”, which was otherwise displaced by “mansio” (see [[maison]]).^(DHLF 1992)

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+ The Latin word also passed into German, older “Thum”, today [[de|Dom]], reshaped after French.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Jean d'Auton's ''Annales de Louis XII'' (1502) has ''L'eglise de S. Laurent qui est le grand domme de Genes'';^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873) Pierre Desrey (before 1512) describes Charles VIII taken to the great church of Pavia ''appellée le dome''.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The word has always been used of the principal churches of Italian and German cities (''le dôme de Milan'', ''le dôme de Florence''), the German use following ''Dom''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007) For Italy the Italian form ''duomo'' is also used.^(Grand Robert 2005)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * 766 – Medieval Latin ''domus episcoporum'' for the cathedral of Lucca.^(TLFi)

+ * 13th century – Italian ''duomo''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1502 – ''Domme'' in Jean d'Auton.^(TLFi)

+ * Before 1512 – ''Dome'' in Pierre Desrey.^(TLFi)

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+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The cathedral or principal church of certain Italian and German cities: ''le dôme de Milan''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

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+ {{homograph|2|dome}}

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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1600, Olivier de Serres|origins=grc δῶμα}}

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+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /dom/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dôme''' ''m'' (plural dômes)^(Wiktionary)

+ ''Dosme'' (1600), whence the circumflex.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(GLLF 1989)

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+ ==Etymology==

+ “Dome” is borrowed from Old Provençal [[pro|doma|t=roof shaped as a cupola]], whose single attestation is somewhat unclear,^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|3, 122a) from [[grc|δῶμα|tr=dôma|t=house]], which later named a roof or terrace, as in Modern Greek.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) The DHLF allows a passage through [[la-lat|dōma|t=flat roof]], Bloch and Wartburg think instead that the Greek word came in through the Greek colonies of southern Gaul, and that the sense “flat roof” then became “round roof”.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) Medieval Latin has “Dome” in 1227.^(DHLF 1992) Littré did not separate it from “duomo”.^(Littré 1873)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Olivier de Serres (1600) uses ''dosme'' of the roof of a dovecote: ''le dosme sur la couverture, portant la principale fenestre pour entrée et issue aux pigeons''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Littré 1873)^(GLLF 1989)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From Furetière (1690) it is the usual word for a hemispherical roof over a building (''le dôme des Invalides'', ''du Panthéon''), close to ''coupole''.^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi) By likeness of shape it was applied to rounded mountains (1787, Bourrit; the ''puy de Dôme''), vaults of leaves and the ''dôme du ciel'', and in anatomy, geology, volcanology and on warships.^(BHVF)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992)^(Larousse)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1227 – Medieval Latin ''Dome''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1600 – ''Dosme'' in Olivier de Serres.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1690 – The architectural sense, in Furetière.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1787 – A rounded mountain top, in Bourrit.^(BHVF)

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+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|dome]], cupola: ''le dôme du Panthéon''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # Anything dome-shaped: ''un dôme de verdure'', ''le dôme du ciel''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ # ''(geography)'' A rounded summit: ''dôme volcanique''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(BHVF)

+ # ''(anatomy, geology)'' A dome: ''dôme pleural''.^(Larousse)

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[maison]]

+ * [[domestique]]

+ * [[la|domus]]

+ * [[grc|δῶμα|tr=dôma]]

+ * [[en|dome]]

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}