appliquer French · revision 15895

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1280, apliquier|origins=la plicō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /a.pli.ke/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''appliquer'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|applicō|t=to bring into contact; to apply (one's mind)]],^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|25, 38a) from [[m|la|ad-]] and [[m|la|plicō|t=to fold]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873) The Latin verb had given the inherited Old French [[m|fro|aploier]] (12th century) and Middle French “applier” (1357), both lost.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary) Bloch and Wartburg note that the sense development is French, the noun following the verb.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ Cognate with [[pro|aplicar]], [[es|aplicar]] and [[it|applicare]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first recorded as ''apliquier'' in 1280, in the sense “to put into effect”, and in medicine for applying a remedy in 1314.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In 1303 it meant “to apply (a name, a saying) to someone”, and Oresme and Bersuire used it of applying a definition or one's customs to laws.^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873) The reflexive ''s'appliquer'' “to apply oneself” is attested in 1403, and ''appliquer son esprit à'' in 1375.^(DHLF 1992) The concrete “to place against, put on” (''appliquer un cataplasme'', ''appliquer des échelles'') remains very much alive, as does ''appliquer une gifle'' (Molière, 1670).^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF)^(Grand Robert 2005) In law ''appliquer une peine'' dates from 1791.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Under English influence, ''appliquer'' means “to apply for (a post)” in Canada and Mauritius.^(DHLF 1992) The derivative ''application'' (1314) has recently also named a computer program, ''appli''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1280 – ''Apliquier'' “to put into effect”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1303 – “To apply (a word) to someone”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1314 – A medical term; the noun ''application''.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1403 – ''S'appliquer''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1670 – ''Appliquer un soufflet'' in Molière.^(BHVF)

+ * 1791 – ''Appliquer une peine''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|apply]], put on: ''appliquer une couche de peinture'', ''appliquer son oreille contre la porte''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # ''(familiar)'' To deal (a blow): ''appliquer une gifle''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # To use, employ for a purpose: ''appliquer un traitement''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # To put into practice, enforce: ''appliquer une loi''.^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(reflexive)'' ''S'appliquer'': to apply oneself, take pains, ''s'appliquer à'': to apply to, concern.^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(Canada)'' To apply (for a job).^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[applicable]]

+ * [[inapplicable]]

+ * [[applique]]

+ * [[inapplication]]

+ * [[application]]

+ * [[appliqué]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[plier]]

+ * [[impliquer]]

+ * [[expliquer]]

+ * [[en|apply]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}