disque French · revision 15894

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1555, Du Choul|origins=grc δίσκος}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /disk/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''disque''' ''m'' (plural disques)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|discus|t=discus, quoit; plate]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|3, 93a) from [[grc|δίσκος|tr=dískos|t=discus]],^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary) which Rey derives from [[m|grc|δικεῖν|tr=dikeîn|t=to throw]].^(DHLF 1992) The same Latin word had given the inherited [[dais]].^(Wiktionary)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) Rey compares [[de|Tisch|t=table]], and Littré [[en|desk]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ The sense “gramophone record” may owe something to [[en|disc]] (1888).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Du Choul (1555) uses it for a discus thrower, a sense later taken by ''discobole'';^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Bloch and Wartburg note it was little used before the 17th century.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It kept the sense of the ancient athletes' discus, revived in modern athletics.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) By likeness of shape it was used from 1680 of the visible face of a heavenly body and of a lens,^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) in botany (1764), in anatomy (1805, ''disques intervertébraux'', 1852) and on the railways for a round signal (1864–1865).^(TLFi)^(BHVF)

+

+ The sense “gramophone record” dates from 1900–1918, after ''rouleau'' and ''cylindre'';^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) the 78 rpm was followed by the long-playing record and, about 1982, by the ''disque compact''.^(DHLF 1992) ''Changer de disque'' “to change the subject” dates from the 78 era.^(DHLF 1992) In computing a ''disque'' stores data (''disque dur''), and the ''disque de stationnement'' (1957) is a parking disc.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1555 – A discus thrower, in Du Choul.^(TLFi)

+ * 1680 – The disc of a star; a lens.^(TLFi)

+ * 1805 – A cartilaginous disc, in Cuvier.^(TLFi)

+ * 1865 – A railway signal.^(TLFi)

+ * 1918 – A gramophone record, in Maurois.^(TLFi)

+ * 1928 – ''Discothèque''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1982 – ''Disque compact''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|discus]]: ''lancer le disque''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # A [[m|en|disc]], any flat round object: ''frein à disque'', ''disque de stationnement''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The disc of the sun or moon.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # A gramophone [[m|en|record]]; a compact disc: ''disque vinyle'', ''disque d'or''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(computing)'' A disk: ''disque dur''.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(anatomy)'' A disc: ''disque intervertébral''.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Changer de disque'': to change the record, stop harping on.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[discographie]]

+ * [[discographique]]

+ * [[discophile]]

+ * [[discophilie]]

+ * [[discothèque]]

+ * [[disquette]]

+ * [[disquaire]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[dais]]

+ * [[grc|δίσκος|tr=dískos]]

+ * [[en|disc]]

+ * [[en|disk]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}