nouveau French · revision 15891

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=early 12th century, Oxford Psalter|origins=la novus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /nu.vo/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''nouveau''' (masculine singular before vowel nouvel, feminine nouvelle, masculine plural nouveaux, feminine plural nouvelles)^(Wiktionary)

+ [[fro|novel]], ''nouvel'' before a vowel or mute h (''un nouvel ami''), feminine ''nouvelle''.^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|novel]], [[inh|la|novellus|t=young, new, recent]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|7, 201b) a diminutive of [[m|la|novus|t=new]], the source of [[neuf]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) Rey notes that “novellus” was first a rural word for young animals and plants and competed with “novus” in the later imperial period.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|novello]], [[pro|novel]] and [[ca|novell]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(REW 1935)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Oxford Psalter (early 12th century) has ''vedel novel'', a young calf;^(TLFi) the ''Gormont et Isembart'' (about 1130) has ''targe novele'', a new shield.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Old French it already meant “fresh” (Wace's ''novele neif''), “newly appointed” (about 1165) and “inexperienced” (late 12th century).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) From the 12th century it also expressed succession: ''nuvele lune'' (1119), the ''novel tens'' of spring (about 1150) and a ''seignor novel'' (about 1165);^(TLFi) La Fontaine's ''nouveau Jupiter'' (1679) is “a second Jupiter”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) It also had the nuance “unheard of, surprising” in classical French.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ''De nouveau'' “again” (about 1160) first meant “recently”, and ''à nouveau'' (1835) was at first a banking term, “on a new account”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) As a noun, ''du nouveau'' “something new” is in La Fontaine (about 1658), and ''un nouveau'' is a newcomer (Balzac, 1832).^(TLFi) It forms place names such as ''le Nouveau Monde'' and ''la Nouvelle-Orléans''.^(DHLF 1992) [[en|nouveau]] is borrowed from it.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Early 12th century – ''Vedel novel'' in the Oxford Psalter.^(TLFi)

+ * 1119 – ''Nuvele lune'' in Philippe de Thaon.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1160 – ''De novel'' “again”.^(TLFi)

+ * 13th century – The form ''nouveau''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1658 – ''Il me faut du nouveau'' in La Fontaine.^(TLFi)

+ * 1832 – ''Un nouveau'' “newcomer”, in Balzac.^(TLFi)

+ * 1835 – ''À nouveau''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|new|alt=New]], recent: ''pommes de terre nouvelles'', ''un mot nouveau''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # Original, [[m|en|novel]]: ''une idée nouvelle''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Another, succeeding: ''un nouveau ministre'', ''le nouvel an''.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(before a proper name)'' A second, a new: ''un nouveau Napoléon''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # Newly arrived, inexperienced: ''être nouveau dans le métier''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''Du nouveau'': something new: ''il y a du nouveau''.^(Larousse)^(BHVF)

+ # A newcomer, new pupil.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''De nouveau'', ''à nouveau'': again.^(Larousse)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[nouveauté]]

+ * [[nouvelle]]

+ * [[nouvellement]]

+ * [[renouveler]]

+ * [[nouveau-né]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[neuf]]

+ * [[novice]]

+ * [[la|novellus]]

+ * [[en|novel]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}