restaurer French · revision 15882

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=late 10th century, Vie de saint Léger|origins=la restaurō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʁɛs.tɔ.ʁe/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /ʁɛs.to.ʁe/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''restaurer'''^(Wiktionary)

+ [[fro|restaurar]] (late 10th century), then [[m|fro|restorer]] (about 1138).^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|restaurō|t=to rebuild, repair; to resume, renew]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|10, 321a) first as “restaurar” and then in the more French form [[m|fro|restorer]];^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992) the ⟨au⟩ was later restored after the Latin spelling.^(Wiktionary) Rey explains the Latin verb as formed on [[m|la|īnstaurō]] by a change of prefix to [[m|la|re-]], on the model of [[m|la|īnstituō]] beside [[m|la|restituō]].^(DHLF 1992) Littré instead analysed it as [[m|la|re-]] and a simple verb meaning “to strengthen”.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ The Old French form [[m|fro|restorer]] passed into Middle Dutch as [[m|dum|restoren]] and into English as [[m|en|restore]].^(DHLF 1992) Cognate with [[it|restaurare]], [[it|ristorare|t=to refresh]], [[oc|restaurar]] and [[es|restaurar]].^(Littré 1873)^(REW 1935)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Vie de saint Léger'' (late 10th century) has ''La labia li ad restaurat'' “he restored his lips to him”, meaning “to heal, make whole again”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ About 1140 Gaimar uses ''restorer'' for rebuilding a town, and in 1155 Wace for reviving a tribute;^(TLFi) the restoring of works of art is recorded by Richelet in 1680.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) From 1216 the verb meant “to give strength (by food)”, and the reflexive ''se restaurer'' “to refresh oneself by eating” is recorded in 1819.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007) In Old French it also meant “to replace”, “to compensate” and “to save (a soul)”, senses now lost.^(DHLF 1992) Of a dynasty it meant “to put back on the throne” (Courier, before 1825), as with the Stuarts.^(TLFi)

+

+ The present participle ''restaurant'' named a restoring food (1521) and then a rich meat broth (1666);^(DHLF 1992) from about 1765–1771 it named the establishments that served such broths, from which the modern ''restaurant'' comes.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) Bloch and Wartburg tell that the restaurateur Boulanger took for his sign a Latin text from the Gospel with ''ego vos restaurabo'' “I will restore you”.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) In computing, ''restaurer'' (a file, a system) follows English ''restore''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 10th century – ''Restaurar'' “to heal” in the ''Vie de saint Léger''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1140 – ''Restorer'' “to rebuild” in Gaimar.^(TLFi)

+ * 1216 – “To strengthen with food” in Robert de Clari.^(TLFi)

+ * 1521 – ''Restaurant'' “restoring food”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1680 – Restoring works of art, in Richelet.^(TLFi)

+ * 1771 – ''Restaurant'' “eating house”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1819 – ''Se restaurer'' “to have something to eat”.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|restore]] (a building or a work of art) to its original state.^(Larousse)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(literary)'' To re-establish (a custom, a regime, peace); to put (a king) back on the throne.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # ''(computing)'' To restore (a file or system).^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(literary)'' To feed (someone).^(Larousse)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(reflexive)'' ''Se restaurer'': to take some food, to refresh oneself.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[restaurant]]

+ * [[restaurateur]]

+ * [[restauratif]]

+ * [[restauration]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[instaurer]]

+ * [[la|restaurō|alt=restaurare]]

+ * [[en|restore]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}