manipule French · revision 15861

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1380|origins=la manus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ma.ni.pyl/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''manipule''' ''m'' (plural manipules)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|manipulus|t=handful, sheaf; company of soldiers]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|6/1, 230b) formed from [[m|la|manus|t=hand]] and an obscure second element;^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Littré took it to be [[m|la|pleō|t=to fill]].^(Littré 1873) The French word is several borrowings of the Latin one at different times.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ In Latin the word named the handful of stalks a reaper holds, then a military standard and the company under it, either because Romulus's standard was a bundle of hay on a pole or by soldiers' joking.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) In Late Latin it also named the cloth that priests used to wipe their faces, then the liturgical band worn on the arm (8th century).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The Grand Robert notes the Medieval Latin name “mappula” “little napkin” for it.^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The liturgical sense comes first, in a 1380 inventory of jewels given to the church of Reims.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Variant forms ''manipulum'' (1345) and ''maniple'' (1382–1449) are also found.^(TLFi) In pharmacy ''manipule'' was a handful of herbs or seeds used in a remedy (1478), and Bonaventure des Périers lists it among an apothecary's measures.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873) As a term of Roman history, a subdivision of the cohort, it appears in 1660, perhaps a new borrowing.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ The verb ''manipuler'' (1765), formed from the pharmacy sense, is now far more alive than the noun.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) The maniple was worn at Mass until the liturgical reform of 1967.^(Larousse)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1345 – The form ''manipulum''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1380 – The liturgical sense, at Reims.^(TLFi)

+ * 1478 – A handful of herbs, in pharmacy.^(TLFi)

+ * 1660 – A Roman military unit, in Oudin.^(TLFi)

+ * 1765 – The verb ''manipuler''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1967 – The maniple is dropped from the liturgy.^(Larousse)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(liturgy)'' A [[m|en|maniple]], a band of cloth formerly worn on the left forearm by the priest, deacon and subdeacon at Mass.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # ''(Roman history)'' A maniple, a tactical unit of two centuries forming a third of a [[m|en|cohort]]; its standard.^(Larousse)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(obsolete, pharmacy)'' A handful of herbs or seeds.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[manipulaire]]

+ * [[manipuler]]

+ * [[manipulateur]]

+ * [[manipulation]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[main]]

+ * [[la|manipulus]]

+ * [[en|maniple]]

+ * [[en|manipulate]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}