querelle French · revision 15853

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1155, Wace|origins=la queror}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /kə.ʁɛl/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''querelle''' ''f'' (plural querelles)^(Wiktionary)

+ ''Querele'' (about 1155), ''querelle'' (about 1175).^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|querella|t=complaint, lament; complaint at law]] (more often “querēla”),^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|2, 1462b) from [[m|la|queror|alt=querī|t=to complain]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary) Rey notes that the Latin verb seems isolated, a link with [[sa|श्वसिति|tr=śvásiti|t=he breathes hard]] fitting neither sense nor form.^(DHLF 1992) Littré compared the suffix of [[m|la|loquēla]] and [[m|la|sequēla]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ Cognate with [[pro|querela]] and [[it|querela]].^(Littré 1873) [[de|Querele]] is borrowed from it.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Wace (1155) uses ''querele'' for a complaint or accusation at law.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Old and Middle French it meant a lawsuit or claim, a matter in question (Chrétien de Troyes's ''estre an la querele''), an inner struggle (about 1220) and a person's cause in a dispute;^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) the last survives in ''épouser la querelle de qqn'' “to take up someone's cause” (1671).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The Latin sense “complaint, lament” lasted until the 17th century, as in Marot's ''lamentable querelle''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ The modern sense, a heated dispute, appears about 1260 (Philippe de Novare) and became the usual one in the 16th century (1538).^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(GLLF 1989) ''Querelle d'Allemand'' “quarrel picked for no reason” follows ''querelle d'Allemagne'' (16th century), from the bad name of drunken German soldiers or from the quarrels of the German princes, according to Rey.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) ''Chercher querelle'' dates from Fénelon (about 1692), and the word also names a learned controversy, as the ''querelle des Anciens et des Modernes''.^(GLLF 1989)^(Le Robert)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1155 – ''Querele'' “accusation” in Wace.^(TLFi)

+ * 1174–1187 – ''Estre an la querele'' in Chrétien de Troyes.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1260 – A dispute, in Philippe de Novare.^(TLFi)

+ * 16th century – ''Querelle d'Allemagne''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1611 – ''Querelle d'Aleman'' in Cotgrave.^(TLFi)

+ * 1671 – ''Épouser la querelle de qqn''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|quarrel]], heated dispute: ''querelle d'amoureux'', ''chercher querelle à qqn''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # A controversy, debate of ideas: ''la querelle des Anciens et des Modernes''.^(Le Robert)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''Querelle d'Allemand'': a quarrel picked for no reason.^(Larousse)^(TLFi)

+ # ''Épouser la querelle de qqn'': to take up someone's cause.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ # ''(obsolete)'' A lawsuit, complaint at law.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[querelleur]]

+ * [[quereller]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[la|queror]]

+ * [[en|quarrel]]

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+ ==Usage notes==

+ A miners' word ''querelle'' “sandstone” (1776, ''quoerelle''; 1805, ''kuerelle'' at Anzin) is a separate word of uncertain dialect origin, perhaps from a pre-Roman root ''*carra'' “stone”.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(BHVF)

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}