carrière French · revision 15852

+ French has two words spelled ''carrière'': the stone quarry, inherited from Latin, and the career, a 16th-century borrowing that first meant a racecourse.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(TLFi)

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+ {{homograph|1|quarry}}

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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1170, quarriere|origins=la-lat quadrus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ka.ʁjɛʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /kɑ.ʁjɛʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''carrière''' ''f'' (plural carrières)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The quarry is [[inh|fro|quarriere]], [[inh|la-vul|*quadrāria|t=place where stone is cut]] (attested in Medieval Latin in 823),^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|2, 1400b) from [[la-lat|quadrus|t=square]], understood as “quadrus lapis” “squared stone, ashlar”.^(DHLF 1992)^(Larousse) The sense “squared stone” is not found in French but survives in [[pro|cayre]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992) Littré rejected a Celtic origin in favour of the Latin.^(Littré 1873) Compare [[en|quarry]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found as ''quarriere'' about 1170.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(DHLF 1992)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The word soon lost its link with squared stone and named any place from which building stone is extracted;^(DHLF 1992) it is now applied to any open-pit working, as opposed to a mine.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) The derivative ''carrier'' “quarryman” dates from 1235.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * 823 – Medieval Latin ''quadraria''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1170 – ''Quarriere''.^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * 1235 – ''Carrier'' “quarryman”.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|quarry]], a place from which stone or earth is extracted: ''carrière de marbre''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ # An open-pit working, as opposed to a mine.^(Larousse)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[carrier]]

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+ {{homograph|2|career}}

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+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=borrowing|attested=1534, Rabelais|origins=la carrus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ka.ʁjɛʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /kɑ.ʁjɛʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''carrière''' ''f'' (plural carrières)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The career word is probably [[bor|it|carriera|t=road for carts; swift run of a horse]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(FEW|2, 414a) itself probably from [[pro|carriera]], since the suffix is not native to Italian;^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Bloch and Wartburg and the FEW take it straight from Old Occitan [[m|pro|carreira|t=road]].^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989) The Occitan word, like Old French [[m|fro|charriere]] and Old Picard “carriere” “cart track”, is from [[la-vul|*carrāria]], short for “via carraria” “road for carts”, from [[m|la|carrus|t=wagon]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The inherited doublet is [[charrière]].^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Rabelais (1534) has ''donner cent quarrieres'' “to run a horse about in all directions”, and Herberay des Essarts (1524–1540) ''carriere'' for the ground where horses are run.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From riding came ''donner carrière à un cheval'' “to give a horse its head” (Amyot), and figuratively ''donner libre carrière à'' “to give free rein to” (1611).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The word was used of the course of the stars (1557), of any course or race, and of the span of life (d'Aubigné).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Pomey (1671) has the path one takes in life, as in the ''Marseillaise''’s ''Nous entrerons dans la carrière'',^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007) and Patru (before 1680) a profession with stages of advancement;^(TLFi) the Académie recorded the period during which one works in 1694.^(TLFi) ''La Carrière'' is also diplomacy.^(DHLF 1992) ''Carriérisme'' (1908) seems to be French, while ''carriériste'' (1909) follows English ''careerist''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1524–1540 – A riding ground, in Herberay des Essarts.^(TLFi)

+ * 1534 – ''Donner cent quarrieres'' in Rabelais.^(TLFi)

+ * 1557 – The course of the stars.^(TLFi)

+ * 1611 – ''Donner carrière'' “to give free rein”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * Before 1680 – A profession, in Patru.^(TLFi)

+ * 1694 – The working life, in the Académie.^(TLFi)

+ * 1908 – ''Carriérisme''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|career]]: a profession with stages of advancement; a working life: ''faire carrière''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # ''La Carrière'': the diplomatic service.^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(riding)'' An arena where horses are trained.^(Larousse)

+ # ''(literary)'' ''Donner libre carrière à'': to give free rein to.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # ''(historical)'' A racecourse or lists.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[carriérisme]]

+ * [[carriériste]]

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[carré]]

+ * [[char]]

+ * [[en|career]]

+ * [[en|quarry]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}